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ICLR 2025 Papers with Code β€” Page 9

International Conference on Learning Representations Β· 1682 papers

LeanQuant: Accurate and Scalable Large Language Model Quantization with Loss-error-aware Grid

Tianyi Zhang (Rice University), Anshumali Shrivastava (Rice University)

CodeTransformerLarge Language ModelText

🎯 What it does: A low-bit quantization method named LeanQuant is proposed, which maintains higher accuracy in post-training quantization of LLMs by utilizing a loss error-aware quantization grid (non-uniform and adaptively uniform) and achieves scalable acceleration through the integration of GPU cores.

Learning a Fast Mixing Exogenous Block MDP using a Single Trajectory

Alexander Levine (University of Texas at Austin), Amy Zhang (University of Texas at Austin)

CodeRepresentation LearningReinforcement LearningTabular

🎯 What it does: The STEEL algorithm is proposed, achieving unsupervised representation learning in a single continuous trajectory, non-resetting Ex-BMDP environment, and providing an upper bound on sample complexity.

Learning a Neural Solver for Parametric PDEs to Enhance Physics-Informed Methods

Lise Le Boudec (Sorbonne UniversitΓ©), Patrick Gallinari (Sorbonne UniversitΓ©)

CodeOptimizationComputational EfficiencyTime SeriesPhysics Related

🎯 What it does: A physics-informed neural iterative solver is proposed to quickly solve parameterized partial differential equations (PDEs), achieving convergence solely through PDE parameters during inference.

Learning Causal Alignment for Reliable Disease Diagnosis

Mingzhou Liu (Peking University), Yizhou Wang (Peking University)

CodeClassificationOptimizationConvolutional Neural NetworkGenerative Adversarial NetworkImageBiomedical DataMagnetic Resonance Imaging

🎯 What it does: A medical diagnosis framework based on causal alignment is proposed, utilizing counterfactual generation to identify the causal chain of model decisions, and employing causal alignment loss to focus the model on diagnostic factors consistent with radiologists.

Learning Diagrams: A Graphical Language for Compositional Training Regimes

Mason Lary (University at Buffalo), James Fairbanks

CodeKnowledge DistillationImageText

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes the Learning Diagrams, a graphical and composable framework for describing and constructing multi-model deep learning training processes, providing a unified semantics and an operable DSL;

Learning Distributions of Complex Fluid Simulations with Diffusion Graph Networks

Mario Lino Valencia, Nils Thuerey (Technical University of Munich)

CodeGenerationData SynthesisOptimizationGraph Neural NetworkDiffusion modelTime Series

🎯 What it does: A diffusion model based on graph neural networks (DGN and LDGN) is proposed, which can directly learn and sample the equilibrium state distribution of fluid simulations from incomplete short time series data, thereby quickly obtaining flow field statistics.

Learning Diverse Attacks on Large Language Models for Robust Red-Teaming and Safety Tuning

Seanie Lee (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology), Moksh Jain (Mila - Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute)

CodeAdversarial AttackTransformerLarge Language ModelReinforcement LearningPrompt EngineeringText

🎯 What it does: By using a two-stage training approach (GFlowNet fine-tuning + MLE smoothing), diverse and effective attack prompts are generated, which are then used for automated red teaming tests on various large language models, verifying the cross-model transferability of the generated prompts and the enhancement of security fine-tuning.

Learning Dynamics of LLM Finetuning

Yi Ren (University of British Columbia), Danica J. Sutherland (University of British Columbia)

CodeOptimizationData-Centric LearningTransformerLarge Language ModelSupervised Fine-TuningReinforcement LearningText

🎯 What it does: This study unifies the learning dynamics of large language models (LLMs) at different fine-tuning stages (SFT, DPO, etc.) and provides a step-by-step impact decomposition formula; based on this, it explains various phenomena (such as repetitive nonsense, confidence decay, compression effects, etc.) and proposes a simple improvement method to alleviate the compression effect by expanding the dataset during the SFT stage.

Learning Efficient Positional Encodings with Graph Neural Networks

Charilaos Kanatsoulis, Alejandro Ribeiro (University of Pennsylvania)

CodeGraph Neural NetworkGraph

🎯 What it does: A learnable position encoding framework based on graph neural networks (PEARL) is proposed, which achieves transferable position encoding for graphs through random or basis vector initialization and statistical pooling after multiple message passing.

Learning Equivariant Non-Local Electron Density Functionals

Nicholas Gao (Munich Data Science Institute), Stephan GΓΌnnemann (Munich Data Science Institute)

CodeGraph Neural NetworkPoint CloudPhysics Related

🎯 What it does: A non-local electronic density functional EG-XC based on SO(3) equivariant graph neural networks has been designed, which can efficiently learn non-local interactions by compressing the electronic density into a point cloud centered at the nucleus.

Learning Evolving Tools for Large Language Models

Guoxin Chen (Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences), Yasheng Wang (Tsinghua University)

CodeTransformerLarge Language ModelSupervised Fine-TuningReinforcement LearningTextBenchmark

🎯 What it does: This study investigates the adaptability of large language models in tool-variable environments and proposes the TOOLEVO framework.

Learning Gain Map for Inverse Tone Mapping

Yinuo Liao (University of Science and Technology of China), Zhiwei Xiong (University of Science and Technology of China)

CodeImage TranslationRestorationConvolutional Neural NetworkImageVideo

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes the Gain Map-based Inverse Tone Mapping (GM-ITM) task and designs a dual-branch network GMNet to learn the Gain Map corresponding to SDR images, achieving more efficient HDR up-conversion.

Learning Generalizable Skills from Offline Multi-Task Data for Multi-Agent Cooperation

Sicong Liu (East China Normal University), Bin Yang (East China Normal University)

CodeTransformerReinforcement LearningContrastive LearningSequential

🎯 What it does: Proposes the HiSSD framework, which combines common and task-specific skills in collaborative learning to enhance offline multi-task multi-agent cooperation strategy transfer.

Learning Geometric Reasoning Networks For Robot Task And Motion Planning

Smail Ait Bouhsain (National Center for Scientific Research), Thierry Simeon (National Center for Scientific Research)

CodeRobotic IntelligenceGraph Neural NetworkGraph

🎯 What it does: A geometric reasoning network (GRN) based on graph neural networks is proposed to quickly predict the feasibility of robot operations (pick/put) and grasping types in a 3D environment, and to provide reasons for infeasibility.

Learning Graph Invariance by Harnessing Spuriosity

Tianjun Yao (Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence), Zhiqiang Shen (Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence)

CodeDomain AdaptationRepresentation LearningGraph Neural NetworkContrastive LearningGraph

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes the LIRS framework, which achieves graph invariant feature learning by first learning the outlier (spuriosity) characteristics in the graph and removing them from the features learned through ERM, significantly improving OOD generalization performance.

Learning Graph Quantized Tokenizers

Limei Wang (Meta AI), Bo Long (Meta AI)

CodeGraph Neural NetworkTransformerContrastive LearningGraphBenchmarkPhysics Related

🎯 What it does: A graph quantization tokenizer (GQT) based on multi-task self-supervised learning and residual vector quantization is proposed, which maps graph nodes to discrete and compressed tokens.

Learning Harmonized Representations for Speculative Sampling

Lefan Zhang (Xiaohongshu Inc), Ruiwen Xu (Xiaohongshu Inc)

CodeGenerationComputational EfficiencyKnowledge DistillationRepresentation LearningTransformerLarge Language ModelSupervised Fine-TuningTextBenchmark

🎯 What it does: The HASS (Harmonized Speculative Sampling) scheme is proposed, which achieves a higher acceptance rate by aligning the target distribution with the context during training and decoding, significantly accelerating the inference of LLMs;

Learning LLM-as-a-Judge for Preference Alignment

Ziyi Ye (Tsinghua University), Yiqun LIU

CodeRecommendation SystemExplainability and InterpretabilityTransformerLarge Language ModelSupervised Fine-TuningReinforcement LearningText

🎯 What it does: Using a pre-trained LLM to generate comparative judgments through self-sampling, training on preference data to obtain a decision model, Con-J, which can provide both binary preference judgments and explanations.

Learning Molecular Representation in a Cell

Gang Liu (University of Notre Dame), Shantanu Singh (Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard)

CodeRepresentation LearningDrug DiscoveryGraph Neural NetworkMultimodalityGraphBiomedical Data

🎯 What it does: The InfoAlign method is proposed, which learns molecular representations on a cell context graph through an information bottleneck, allowing molecular embeddings to fully decode multimodal features such as cell morphology and gene expression while maintaining minimal redundant information.

Learning on One Mode: Addressing Multi-modality in Offline Reinforcement Learning

Mianchu Wang (University of Warwick), Giovanni Montana (Alan Turing Institute)

CodeReinforcement LearningMultimodality

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes an offline reinforcement learning method called LOM, which models the behavior policy as a Gaussian mixture model and selects the single mode with the highest reward for weighted imitation learning, thereby achieving better policy learning on multimodal datasets.

Learning Partial Graph Matching via Optimal Partial Transport

Gathika Ratnayaka (Australian National University), Qing Wang (Australian National University)

CodeOptimizationGraph Neural NetworkGraph

🎯 What it does: Proposes an optimal partial transport-based partial graph matching optimization framework that automatically decides which nodes to match and provides the optimal partial mapping.

Learning Spatial-Semantic Features for Robust Video Object Segmentation

Xin Li (Harbin Institute of Technology), Ming-Hsuan Yang

CodeSegmentationTransformerVideo

🎯 What it does: A robust video object segmentation framework (S3) based on spatial-semantic feature learning and discriminative query propagation is proposed.

Learning stochastic dynamics from snapshots through regularized unbalanced optimal transport

Zhenyi Zhang (Peking University), Peijie Zhou (Peking University)

CodeOptimizationTime SeriesBiomedical DataStochastic Differential EquationOrdinary Differential Equation

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes a Regularized Unbalanced Optimal Transport (DeepRUOT) method based on deep learning, which can learn continuous non-equilibrium stochastic dynamics from sparse temporal snapshot data.

Learning Structured Representations by Embedding Class Hierarchy with Fast Optimal Transport

Siqi Zeng (University of Illinois), Han Zhao (University of Illinois)

CodeClassificationRetrievalRepresentation LearningFlow-based ModelImage

🎯 What it does: This paper builds upon the existing CPCC regularization framework by introducing Optimal Transport (OT) distance to measure the similarity between class distributions, thereby achieving more fine-grained and accurate hierarchical embeddings.

Learning system dynamics without forgetting

Xikun ZHANG, Dacheng Tao (Nanyang Technological University)

CodeGraph Neural NetworkTime SeriesBiomedical DataBenchmarkPhysics RelatedOrdinary Differential Equation

🎯 What it does: This study investigates the Continuous Dynamic Learning (CDL) task and proposes the MS-GODE model, which can continuously learn across multiple systems without forgetting, and establishes the biological cell system benchmark Bio-CDL.

Learning to Discover Regulatory Elements for Gene Expression Prediction

Xingyu Su (Texas A&M University), Shuiwang Ji (Texas A&M University)

CodeBiomedical Data

🎯 What it does: The Seq2Exp framework is proposed to predict gene expression by learning and extracting regulatory elements from DNA sequences and epigenetic signals.

Learning to Discretize Denoising Diffusion ODEs

Vinh Tong (University of Stuttgart), Mathias Niepert (University of Bern)

CodeGenerationOptimizationComputational EfficiencyKnowledge DistillationDiffusion modelImageOrdinary Differential Equation

🎯 What it does: This study proposes a lightweight framework (LD3) for pre-trained diffusion models, which significantly reduces the number of neural network evaluations while maintaining generation quality by learning optimal time discretization strategies.

Learning to Explore and Exploit with GNNs for Unsupervised Combinatorial Optimization

Utku Umur ACIKALIN, Carla P Gomes

CodeOptimizationGraph Neural NetworkGraph

🎯 What it does: An unsupervised graph neural network framework named X2GNN is proposed for simultaneously exploring and exploiting in combinatorial optimization problems (maximum clique, maximum independent set, maximum cut) to generate high-quality solutions.

Learning Transformer-based World Models with Contrastive Predictive Coding

Maxime Burchi (University of Wurzburg), Radu Timofte (University of Wurzburg)

CodeTransformerReinforcement LearningContrastive LearningWorld ModelTime SeriesSequentialBenchmark

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes a Transformer-based world model called TWISTER, which uses action-conditioned contrastive predictive coding (AC-CPC) to learn high-quality temporal features, thereby enhancing the performance of model-based reinforcement learning.

Learning under Temporal Label Noise

Sujay Nagaraj (University of Toronto), Thomas Hartvigsen (University of Virginia)

CodeClassificationAnomaly DetectionRecurrent Neural NetworkTime SeriesBiomedical Data

🎯 What it does: This paper introduces the concept of Temporal Label Noise in time series classification and provides a formal definition.

Learning-Augmented Frequent Directions

Anders Aamand (University of Copenhagen), Hao WU (University of Waterloo)

CodeRecurrent Neural NetworkVideo

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes two learning-enhanced streaming algorithms, Misra-Gries and Frequent Directions, which guide memory allocation using predictors to achieve lower errors in frequency estimation and high-dimensional direction estimation tasks.

Learning-Guided Rolling Horizon Optimization for Long-Horizon Flexible Job-Shop Scheduling

Sirui Li (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Cathy Wu (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

CodeOptimizationAuto EncoderTabular

🎯 What it does: A learning-based rolling horizon optimization framework L-RHO is proposed to accelerate and improve the solution of long-slot combinatorial optimization problems, such as flexible job shop scheduling.

LeFusion: Controllable Pathology Synthesis via Lesion-Focused Diffusion Models

Hantao Zhang (Beihang University), Pascal Fua (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne)

CodeSegmentationGenerationData SynthesisDiffusion modelImageBiomedical DataMagnetic Resonance ImagingComputed Tomography

🎯 What it does: A lesion-focused diffusion model named LeFusion has been developed, capable of synthesizing images/annotations with lesions from normal medical images. It achieves fine control over lesion size, location, texture, and category through texture histogram control, multi-channel decomposition, and lesion mask diffusion.

Let Your Features Tell The Differences: Understanding Graph Convolution By Feature Splitting

Yilun Zheng (Nanyang Technological University), Lihui Chen (Nanyang Technological University)

CodeClassificationOptimizationGraph Neural NetworkGraphBenchmark

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes a graph feature selection method called GFS, which uses a new metric TFI to distinguish between beneficial and detrimental feature dimensions for graph convolution, significantly improving the node classification performance of various GNNs.

Leveraging Flatness to Improve Information-Theoretic Generalization Bounds for SGD

Ze Peng (Nanjing University), Yang Gao (Nanjing University)

CodeOptimizationConvolutional Neural NetworkRecurrent Neural NetworkImage

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes the technique of 'omniscient trajectory' to derive an explicit mutual information theoretical generalization bound that utilizes the flatness of SGD, and based on this, obtains a lower bound of O(1/√n) for GD on the CLB problem;

Leveraging Submodule Linearity Enhances Task Arithmetic Performance in LLMs

Rui Dai (National Engineering Laboratory for Brain Inspired Intelligence Technology and Application, University of Science and Technology of China), Jieping Ye (Independent Researcher)

CodeTransformerLarge Language ModelText

🎯 What it does: This paper finds through statistical analysis that, although the overall model lacks linearity, its sub-modules (layers, attention, MLP, etc.) exhibit high linearity. It then proposes a training-free task arithmetic model merging method: first, the model is split into sub-modules, and the closed-form optimal merging weights are derived using the linear characteristics of the sub-modules. Subsequently, the sub-modules are linearly merged to enhance the performance of multi-task models.

Leveraging Variable Sparsity to Refine Pareto Stationarity in Multi-Objective Optimization

Zeou Hu (University of Waterloo), Yaoliang Yu (University of Waterloo)

CodeOptimizationFederated LearningImageTabular

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes the concept of Refined Pareto Stability (RPS) using a function-variable sparse structure and designs the RP-MGDA algorithm based on this to solve multi-objective optimization problems.

LICORICE: Label-Efficient Concept-Based Interpretable Reinforcement Learning

Zhuorui Ye (Tsinghua University), Fei Fang (Carnegie Mellon University)

CodeExplainability and InterpretabilityReinforcement LearningVision Language ModelImage

🎯 What it does: Under a limited budget for concept annotation, a new training framework called LICORICE is proposed, enabling reinforcement learning agents to learn interpretable concept bottleneck policies from a small amount of annotated data, achieving performance that is comparable to or even better than traditional baselines.

Lift Your Molecules: Molecular Graph Generation in Latent Euclidean Space

Mohamed Amine Ketata (Technical University of Munich), Stephan GΓΌnnemann (Technical University of Munich)

CodeGenerationData SynthesisOptimizationDrug DiscoveryGraph Neural NetworkDiffusion modelAuto EncoderGraph

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes the Synthetic Coordinate Embedding (SYCO) framework, which maps two-dimensional molecular graphs to three-dimensional Euclidean point clouds, and uses diffusion models to generate molecular graphs in this latent space, resulting in a new method for molecular graph generation.

Linear combinations of latents in generative models: subspaces and beyond

Erik Bodin (University of Cambridge), Henry Moss (Lancaster University)

CodeGenerationData SynthesisOptimizationDiffusion modelImage

🎯 What it does: The Latent Optimal Linear combinations (LOL) method is proposed to construct linear combinations that satisfy the prior distribution in generative models, thereby achieving more reliable latent space interpolation and subspace definition.

Linear Multistep Solver Distillation for Fast Sampling of Diffusion Models

Yuchen Liang (Peking University), Yunhe Wang (Huawei)

CodeGenerationComputational EfficiencyKnowledge DistillationDiffusion modelImageOrdinary Differential Equation

🎯 What it does: A linear multi-step solver distillation framework is proposed, allowing the student solver to approximate the teacher solver's sampling trajectory with very few function evaluations (NFE), thus achieving fast and high-quality diffusion model sampling.

Linear Spherical Sliced Optimal Transport: A Fast Metric for Comparing Spherical Data

Xinran Liu (Vanderbilt University), Soheil Kolouri (Vanderbilt University)

CodeOptimizationComputational EfficiencyAuto EncoderPoint CloudBiomedical DataAlzheimer's Disease

🎯 What it does: A linear spherical slice optimal transport (LSSOT) framework is proposed and implemented for rapid comparison of spherical probability distributions, applied to brain surface registration and point cloud interpolation.

Lines of Thought in Large Language Models

RaphaΓ«l Sarfati (Cornell University), Christopher Earls (Cornell University)

CodeTransformerLarge Language ModelTextStochastic Differential Equation

🎯 What it does: By studying the internal token trajectories of large language models, it was found that they evolve along low-dimensional manifolds and can be approximated using a linear + noise model.

LiveBench: A Challenging, Contamination-Limited LLM Benchmark

Colin White (Abacus.AI), Micah Goldblum (Columbia)

CodeLarge Language ModelPrompt EngineeringTextBenchmark

🎯 What it does: A sustainable and pollution-resistant evaluation benchmark for LLMs, named LiveBench, has been constructed and released. It includes multiple categories (mathematics, coding, reasoning, language, instruction following, data analysis) tasks and achieves evaluation without LLM/human judgment through an automated, objective truth-based scoring system.

LLaMA-Omni: Seamless Speech Interaction with Large Language Models

Qingkai Fang (Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences), Yang Feng (Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences)

CodeTransformerLarge Language ModelSupervised Fine-TuningTextAudio

🎯 What it does: LLaMA-Omni is proposed, an end-to-end low-latency speech-to-text interaction model that can generate both text and speech responses simultaneously without relying on ASR.

LLaRA: Supercharging Robot Learning Data for Vision-Language Policy

Xiang Li (Stony Brook University), Michael S Ryoo

CodeRobotic IntelligenceTransformerSupervised Fine-TuningVision Language ModelImageTextMultimodality

🎯 What it does: Utilizing a pre-trained Vision-Language Model (VLM) and transforming it into a robot control strategy through dialog-based instruction tuning on behavior cloning data;

LLaVA-Mini: Efficient Image and Video Large Multimodal Models with One Vision Token

Shaolei Zhang (Chinese Academy of Sciences), Yang Feng (Chinese Academy of Sciences)

CodeCompressionComputational EfficiencyTransformerLarge Language ModelSupervised Fine-TuningVision Language ModelImageVideoMultimodality

🎯 What it does: An efficient multimodal model LLaVA-Mini has been developed, which allows for image and video understanding with only 1 visual token per image.

LLM Unlearning via Loss Adjustment with Only Forget Data

Yaxuan Wang (University of California), Wei Wei (Accenture)

CodeOptimizationTransformerLarge Language ModelSupervised Fine-TuningText

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes a 'flat' loss adjustment method called FLAT, which utilizes only forgotten data and template responses to achieve unlearning in large language models without using retained data or reference models.

LLM-based Typed Hyperresolution for Commonsense Reasoning with Knowledge Bases

Armin Toroghi (University of Toronto), Scott Sanner (University of Toronto)

CodeTransformerLarge Language ModelTextRetrieval-Augmented Generation

🎯 What it does: A typed hyperresolution (LLM-TH) framework based on large language models is proposed for reliable common sense reasoning in large-scale or incomplete knowledge bases.

LLM-SR: Scientific Equation Discovery via Programming with Large Language Models

Parshin Shojaee (Virginia Tech), Chandan K. Reddy (Virginia Tech)

CodeLarge Language ModelPrompt EngineeringPhysics Related

🎯 What it does: A framework for scientific equation discovery using large language models (LLM), called LLM-SR, is proposed, which combines programmatic equation representation, LLM-generated structural skeletons, parameter optimization, and iterative search with experience buffering.

LLM-wrapper: Black-Box Semantic-Aware Adaptation of Vision-Language Models for Referring Expression Comprehension

Amaia Cardiel (Valeo), Matthieu Cord (Valeo)

CodeRecognitionObject DetectionTransformerLarge Language ModelSupervised Fine-TuningPrompt EngineeringVision Language ModelMultimodality

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes LLM-wrapper, a black-box adaptation method that utilizes large language models to perform natural language reasoning on the outputs of open-source visual-language models (VLMs), thereby completing the referential expression comprehension (REC) task without accessing the internal weights of the VLM.

LLMOPT: Learning to Define and Solve General Optimization Problems from Scratch

Caigao JIANG, Yang Yu (East China Normal University)

CodeOptimizationTransformerLarge Language ModelSupervised Fine-TuningText

🎯 What it does: A learning-based framework LLMOPT is constructed to automatically define and solve multi-type optimization problems from natural language descriptions.

LLMs Know More Than They Show: On the Intrinsic Representation of LLM Hallucinations

Hadas Orgad (Technion), Yonatan Belinkov (Technion)

CodeGenerationRepresentation LearningTransformerLarge Language ModelText

🎯 What it does: This paper analyzes and predicts the errors and error types of large language models (LLMs) by probing their internal representations, and selects more reliable answers using internal information.

Local-Prompt: Extensible Local Prompts for Few-Shot Out-of-Distribution Detection

Fanhu Zeng (Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences), Xu-Yao Zhang (Southern University of Science and Technology)

CodeAnomaly DetectionPrompt EngineeringVision Language ModelContrastive LearningImage

🎯 What it does: Proposes Local-Prompt, which enhances few-shot OOD detection performance by freezing global prompts and learning local prompts, utilizing random cropping of negative samples for augmentation and regional positive-negative contrast regularization.

Locality Sensitive Avatars From Video

Chunjin Song (University of British Columbia), Helge Rhodin (University of British Columbia)

CodeGenerationPose EstimationGraph Neural NetworkNeural Radiance FieldVideo

🎯 What it does: A local sensitive human avatar model based on NeRF is proposed, which can learn character motion from monocular videos and decouple rigid skeletal motion from local non-rigid deformation in the pose space, achieving high-fidelity rendering.

Locally Connected Echo State Networks for Time Series Forecasting

Filip Matzner (Charles University), FrantiΕ‘ek MrΓ‘z (Charles University)

CodeTime Series

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes and implements a Local Connected Echo State Network (LCESN), which enhances the scalability and stability of traditional ESNs through local topology and enforced memory, and evaluates it on the NARMA10 and nine real-world time series datasets.

LocoVR: Multiuser Indoor Locomotion Dataset in Virtual Reality

Kojiro Takeyama (University of California), Misha Sra (University of California)

CodeData SynthesisPose EstimationConvolutional Neural NetworkMultimodalityBenchmark

🎯 What it does: The LocoVR dataset is proposed, which collected over 7,000 dual walking trajectories in 131 indoor home scenes using VR, and its effectiveness was validated in three types of tasks.

Logical Consistency of Large Language Models in Fact-Checking

Bishwamittra Ghosh (Max Planck Institute for Software Systems), Arijit Khan (Aalborg University)

CodeTransformerLarge Language ModelSupervised Fine-TuningTextRetrieval-Augmented Generation

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes a method to evaluate and enhance the consistency of large language models in the knowledge graph (KG) fact-checking task for propositional logic queries (including negation, conjunction, and disjunction), and significantly improves consistency through supervised fine-tuning.

Logically Consistent Language Models via Neuro-Symbolic Integration

Diego Calanzone (University of Trento), Antonio Vergari (University of Edinburgh)

CodeTransformerLarge Language ModelSupervised Fine-TuningText

🎯 What it does: A method for fine-tuning LoCo-LLMs based on neural-symbolic reasoning is proposed, allowing large language models to maintain factuality and consistency under knowledge base facts and logical constraints.

LOKI: A Comprehensive Synthetic Data Detection Benchmark using Large Multimodal Models

Junyan Ye (Sun Yat-sen University), Weijia Li (Sun Yat-sen University)

CodeData SynthesisAnomaly DetectionTransformerLarge Language ModelPrompt EngineeringDiffusion modelImageVideoTextMultimodalityBenchmarkChain-of-ThoughtAudio

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes the LOKI multimodal synthetic data detection benchmark and evaluates the detection and interpretability capabilities of various large-scale multimodal models on it.

Long-horizon Visual Instruction Generation with Logic and Attribute Self-reflection

Yucheng Suo (Zhejiang University), Yi Yang (Zhejiang University)

CodeGenerationTransformerLarge Language ModelDiffusion modelTextMultimodality

🎯 What it does: The LIGER framework is proposed to achieve visual instruction generation for long-sequence tasks, enhancing image coherence and attribute accuracy through historical prompts, visual memory, and self-reflection mechanisms.

Long-Sequence Recommendation Models Need Decoupled Embeddings

Ningya Feng (Tsinghua University), Mingsheng Long (Tsinghua University)

CodeRecommendation SystemSequential

🎯 What it does: This paper addresses the conflict between attention and representation learning in long sequence recommendation by proposing the DARE model, which separates attention and representation into two independent embedding tables.

LongMamba: Enhancing Mamba's Long-Context Capabilities via Training-Free Receptive Field Enlargement

Zhifan Ye (Georgia Institute of Technology), Yingyan Celine Lin (NVIDIA)

CodeTransformerLarge Language ModelTextSequential

🎯 What it does: Improvement of the Mamba model's ability to handle long sequences in a training-independent manner.

LongMemEval: Benchmarking Chat Assistants on Long-Term Interactive Memory

Di Wu (University of California Los Angeles), Dong Yu (Tencent AI Lab)

CodeRetrievalOptimizationTransformerTextBenchmarkRetrieval-Augmented Generation

🎯 What it does: Proposes the LONGMEMEVAL benchmark for the systematic evaluation of chat assistants' long-term memory capabilities.

LongPO: Long Context Self-Evolution of Large Language Models through Short-to-Long Preference Optimization

Guanzheng Chen (National University of Singapore), Lidong Bing (Shanda AI Research Institute)

CodeTransformerLarge Language ModelSupervised Fine-TuningText

🎯 What it does: The LongPO method is proposed, which evolves a short-context LLM into a long-context model through internally generated short-long comparative preference data without relying on manual long-text annotations.

LongWriter: Unleashing 10,000+ Word Generation from Long Context LLMs

Yushi Bai (Tsinghua University), Juanzi Li (Tsinghua University)

CodeGenerationTransformerLarge Language ModelSupervised Fine-TuningAgentic AITextBenchmark

🎯 What it does: This study addresses the length limitation issue of long-context LLMs when generating texts exceeding 2000 words. It proposes AgentWrite, an agent-based planning and writing pipeline that automatically constructs ultra-long SFT data, and utilizes this data to train the LongWriter model, enabling it to generate high-quality texts of over 10k words. Ultimately, it builds the LongBench-Write benchmark evaluation set.

Looking Backward: Retrospective Backward Synthesis for Goal-Conditioned GFlowNets

Haoran He (Hong Kong University of Science and Technology), Ling Pan (Tsinghua University)

CodeData SynthesisReinforcement LearningSequential

🎯 What it does: A method called 'Retrospective Backward Synthesis (RBS)' is proposed, which synthesizes new positive reward trajectories using the backward strategy of GFlowNet under target conditions, thereby enriching the training data and addressing the sparse reward problem.

Looped Transformers for Length Generalization

Ying Fan (University of Wisconsin Madison), Kangwook Lee (UC Berkeley)

CodeTransformerSequential

🎯 What it does: This study investigates the effectiveness of the Looped Transformer in length generalization, proposing to supervise only the final answer during training without requiring intermediate steps, and achieving adaptive depth through variable-step supervision.

LoR-VP: Low-Rank Visual Prompting for Efficient Vision Model Adaptation

Can Jin (Rutgers University), Dimitris N. Metaxas (Rutgers University)

CodeDomain AdaptationComputational EfficiencyPrompt EngineeringImage

🎯 What it does: A low-rank matrix multiplication visual prompt (LOR-VP) method is proposed for efficient and comprehensive task adaptation of pre-trained visual models.

LoRA-Pro: Are Low-Rank Adapters Properly Optimized?

Zhengbo Wang (University of Science and Technology of China), Tieniu Tan (Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences)

CodeOptimizationTransformerSupervised Fine-TuningImageText

🎯 What it does: Proposes LoRA-Pro, which adjusts the low-rank matrix gradients of LoRA to approximate the full fine-tuning gradients, thereby narrowing the performance gap between LoRA and full fine-tuning.

LoRanPAC: Low-rank Random Features and Pre-trained Models for Bridging Theory and Practice in Continual Learning

Liangzu Peng (University of Pennsylvania), Rene Vidal

CodeClassificationRecognitionSupervised Fine-TuningImage

🎯 What it does: A continuous learning method LoRanPAC based on pre-trained models, random ReLU features, and low-rank truncation has been designed.

Lossy Compression with Pretrained Diffusion Models

Jeremy Vonderfecht (Portland State University), Feng Liu (Portland State University)

CodeCompressionDiffusion modelImageOrdinary Differential Equation

🎯 What it does: A complete implementation of the DiffC algorithm has been achieved, and it has been applied to mainstream pre-trained diffusion models such as Stable Diffusion 1.5, 2.1, XL, and Flux-dev, enabling lossless image compression without training and zero-shot.

M^3PC: Test-time Model Predictive Control using Pretrained Masked Trajectory Model

Kehan Wen (ETH Zurich), Lei Ke (Carnegie Mellon University)

CodeOptimizationTransformerReinforcement LearningSequential

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes a method for model predictive control (MPC) using a pre-trained Masked Trajectory Transformer during the testing phase, which includes forward MPC for reward maximization and backward MPC for goal achievement, achieving action sampling, state prediction, and evaluation through various mask combinations.

MA-RLHF: Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback with Macro Actions

Yekun Chai (Baidu Inc), Hua Wu (Baidu Inc)

CodeReinforcement Learning from Human FeedbackTransformerLarge Language ModelReinforcement LearningText

🎯 What it does: The MA-RLHF framework is proposed, introducing macro actions (serialized token segments) into RLHF to address the credit assignment problem of token-level RLHF in long sequences.

MA$^2$E: Addressing Partial Observability in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning with Masked Auto-Encoder

Sehyeok Kang (KAIST AI), Se-Young Yun (KAIST AI)

CodeTransformerReinforcement LearningAuto EncoderSequential

🎯 What it does: By using Masked Auto-Encoder (MAE) within the CTDE framework, multi-agent systems can infer global information solely based on their local observations, thus addressing the issue of partial observability.

MACPO: Weak-to-Strong Alignment via Multi-Agent Contrastive Preference Optimization

Yougang Lyu (University of Amsterdam), Zhaochun Ren (Leiden University)

CodeOptimizationReinforcement Learning from Human FeedbackSupervised Fine-TuningReinforcement LearningContrastive LearningText

🎯 What it does: A multi-agent comparative preference optimization (MACPO) framework is proposed, utilizing weak teachers and strong students to learn from each other during the training phase, iteratively improving the alignment performance of the strong student.

MADGEN: Mass-Spec attends to De Novo Molecular generation

Yinkai Wang (Tufts University), Soha Hassoun (Tufts University)

CodeGenerationDrug DiscoveryGraph Neural NetworkTransformerContrastive LearningMultimodality

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes MADGEN, a two-stage framework for generating novel molecules based on chemical scaffolds: first, scaffold retrieval of MS/MS spectra is performed using contrastive learning, and then a attention-driven graph generation model conditionally generates complete molecules on the retrieved scaffolds.

MAESTRO: Masked Encoding Set Transformer with Self-Distillation

Matthew Eric Lee, Dokyoon Kim (University of Pennsylvania)

CodeKnowledge DistillationRepresentation LearningTransformerBiomedical Data

🎯 What it does: Developed the MAESTRO self-supervised set representation learning model, which compresses the entire human immune cell population in high-dimensional cell count data into fixed-dimensional vectors. During training, it learns global and local features of the entire sample by masking a large number of cells and reconstructing their expression, ultimately predicting clinical indicators such as disease diagnosis, age, and gender.

MAGE: Model-Level Graph Neural Networks Explanations via Motif-based Graph Generation

Zhaoning Yu (Iowa State University), Hongyang Gao (Iowa State University)

CodeExplainability and InterpretabilityDrug DiscoveryGraph Neural NetworkAuto EncoderGraphBiomedical Data

🎯 What it does: MAGE is proposed, a model-agnostic explanation method based on molecular motifs, which constructs explanatory molecules using motifs to ensure chemical validity.

MAI: A Multi-turn Aggregation-Iteration Model for Composed Image Retrieval

Yanzhe Chen (Peking University), Yuxin Peng (University of Science and Technology Beijing)

CodeRetrievalTransformerLarge Language ModelVision Language ModelImageTextMultimodality

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes a task framework for Multi-Turn Combined Image Retrieval (MTCIR) and constructs a large-scale, historically rich FashionMT dataset; it designs the Multi-turn Aggregation-Iteration (MAI) model, which employs two-stage semantic aggregation, cyclic combination loss, and multi-turn iterative optimization to achieve efficient multimodal information aggregation and historical information compression.

MallowsPO: Fine-Tune Your LLM with Preference Dispersions

Haoxian Chen (Columbia University), Wenpin Tang (Columbia University)

CodeRecommendation SystemOptimizationTransformerLarge Language ModelReinforcement LearningText

🎯 What it does: The MallowsPO method is proposed, which optimizes the preference learning of LLMs through the Mallows ranking model and the divergence index, incorporating divergence as a weighting factor into DPO.

MambaExtend: A Training-Free Approach to Improve Long Context Extension of Mamba

Seyedarmin Azizi (University of Southern California), Massoud Pedram (University of Southern California)

CodeRetrievalOptimizationTransformerLarge Language ModelText

🎯 What it does: A framework called MambaExtend is designed to extend the context length of the Mamba model by 32 times with only calibration of the scale factor and no training.

MambaPEFT: Exploring Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning for Mamba

Masakazu Yoshimura (Sony Group Corporation), Yota Maeda (Sony Group Corporation)

CodeTransformerSupervised Fine-TuningImageText

🎯 What it does: A systematic exploration and evaluation of parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) for the Mamba model.

MamBEV: Enabling State Space Models to Learn Birds-Eye-View Representations

Hongyu Ke (Georgia State University), Yi Ding (Georgia State University)

CodeObject DetectionAutonomous DrivingComputational EfficiencyConvolutional Neural NetworkContrastive LearningImageMultimodality

🎯 What it does: A BEV generation framework called MamBEV based on the state space model (Mamba) is proposed, utilizing linear spatiotemporal SSM to achieve a unified bird's-eye view representation, supporting multi-frame and multi-camera 3D detection and other visual perception tasks.

Manifold Induced Biases for Zero-shot and Few-shot Detection of Generated Images

Jonathan Brokman (Fujitsu Research of Europe), Guy Gilboa (Technion - Israel Institute of Technology)

CodeObject DetectionDiffusion modelScore-based ModelImage

🎯 What it does: A zero-shot and few-shot AI-generated image detection method is proposed, utilizing the bias features of the implicit probability manifold of a pre-trained diffusion model for judgment.

MANTRA: The Manifold Triangulations Assemblage

RubΓ©n Ballester (Universitat de Barcelona), Bastian Rieck (Technical University of Munich)

CodeGraph Neural NetworkMeshGraphBenchmark

🎯 What it does: A large-scale, purely high-order dataset MANTRA has been proposed and made public, containing over 43,000 surface triangulations and 250,000 three-dimensional manifold triangulations for high-order model benchmarking;

Many-Objective Multi-Solution Transport

Ziyue Li (University of Maryland), Tianyi Zhou (University of Maryland)

CodeOptimizationFederated LearningText

🎯 What it does: The MosT framework is proposed, which simultaneously trains m models in multi-objective optimization where n≫m, allowing them to form diverse and complementary solutions on the Pareto front, thereby covering all objectives.

MAP: Multi-Human-Value Alignment Palette

Xinran Wang (University of Minnesota), Ali Anwar (University of Minnesota)

CodeOptimizationReinforcement Learning from Human FeedbackTransformerLarge Language ModelReinforcement LearningText

🎯 What it does: A Multi-Human-Value Alignment Palette (MAP) method is proposed, allowing for a one-time alignment of generative AI according to user-specified multi-dimensional value objectives while maintaining the model's original distribution.

MAPS: Advancing Multi-Modal Reasoning in Expert-Level Physical Science

Erle Zhu (Tsinghua University), Hongning Wang (Tsinghua University)

CodeTransformerLarge Language ModelSupervised Fine-TuningVision Language ModelImageMultimodalityPhysics RelatedChain-of-Thought

🎯 What it does: The MAPS framework is proposed, which combines multimodal large language models with physical perception models and simulators, using chain simulation to improve the reasoning accuracy of circuit analysis problems.

MaRS: A Fast Sampler for Mean Reverting Diffusion based on ODE and SDE Solvers

Ao Li (University of Chinese Academy of Sciences), Minfeng Xu (Alibaba Group)

CodeRestorationComputational EfficiencyDiffusion modelImageStochastic Differential EquationOrdinary Differential Equation

🎯 What it does: A fast sampler MRSampler based on semi-analytical solutions is proposed to accelerate the sampling process of Mean Reverting Diffusion.

MarS: a Financial Market Simulation Engine Powered by Generative Foundation Model

Junjie Li (Microsoft Research Asia), Jiang Bian (Microsoft Research Asia)

CodeGenerationTransformerLarge Language ModelReinforcement LearningTime SeriesSequentialFinance Related

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes a large-scale order-level financial market simulation foundational model (LMM) and a financial market simulation engine (MarS) based on LMM, capable of generating realistic order flows across three dimensions: high resolution, controllability, and interactivity. It supports various downstream financial tasks such as forecasting, risk detection, impact analysis, and reinforcement learning.

Mask-DPO: Generalizable Fine-grained Factuality Alignment of LLMs

Yuzhe Gu (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Kai Chen (Shanghai Jiao Tong University)

CodeOptimizationTransformerLarge Language ModelReinforcement LearningText

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes and implements Mask-DPO, a direct preference optimization method that combines sentence-level factual masking to reduce hallucinations in large language models.

Masked Temporal Interpolation Diffusion for Procedure Planning in Instructional Videos

Yufan Zhou (Harbin Institute of Technology), Weigang Zhang (Harbin Institute of Technology)

CodeGenerationData SynthesisRobotic IntelligenceTransformerDiffusion modelVideo

🎯 What it does: A program planning framework based on diffusion models, MTID, is proposed, which utilizes intermediate latent visual features for temporal interpolation and restricts the action space through a masking mechanism, ultimately generating a coherent action sequence that aligns with task objectives from initial and final visual observations.

Mastering Task Arithmetic: $\tau$Jp as a Key Indicator for Weight Disentanglement

Kotaro Yoshida (Institute of Science Tokyo), Hiroki Naganuma (Mila)

CodeClassificationOptimizationTransformerSupervised Fine-TuningImageText

🎯 What it does: A task arithmetic regularization method based on τ–Jacobian product (Ο„ Jp) is proposed and validated, significantly reducing task interference and enhancing model editing effects;

Matcha: Mitigating Graph Structure Shifts with Test-Time Adaptation

Wenxuan Bao (University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), Jingrui He (University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign)

CodeDomain AdaptationRepresentation LearningGraph Neural NetworkGraph

🎯 What it does: The study investigates Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) of graph neural networks in environments with structural shifts and proposes a new framework called Matcha.

MatΓ©rn Kernels for Tunable Implicit Surface Reconstruction

Maximilian Weiherer (Friedrich Alexander Universitat Erlangen Nurnberg), Bernhard Egger (Friedrich Alexander Universitat Erlangen Nurnberg)

CodePoint CloudMeshBenchmark

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes the use of the Matérn kernel family for adjustable implicit surface reconstruction and compares it with the traditional first-order arc-cosine kernel.

MatExpert: Decomposing Materials Discovery By Mimicking Human Experts

Qianggang Ding (Universite de Montreal), Bang Liu (Universite de Montreal)

CodeGenerationRetrievalOptimizationExplainability and InterpretabilityTransformerLarge Language ModelContrastive LearningTextChain-of-Thought

🎯 What it does: The MatExpert framework is proposed, breaking down material discovery into three stages: retrieval, transformation, and generation, using LLM and contrastive learning to generate solid materials that meet user attributes.

MathGAP: Out-of-Distribution Evaluation on Problems with Arbitrarily Complex Proofs

Andreas Opedal (ETH Zurich), Mrinmaya Sachan (ETH Zurich)

CodeTransformerLarge Language ModelTextChain-of-Thought

🎯 What it does: The MathGAP framework is proposed, utilizing an automatic generation method for controllable proof tree structures to evaluate the OOD generalization ability of LLMs on arbitrarily complex arithmetic proofs.

MatryoshkaKV: Adaptive KV Compression via Trainable Orthogonal Projection

Bokai Lin (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Zhijie Deng (Shanghai Jiao Tong University)

CodeCompressionKnowledge DistillationTransformerLarge Language ModelSupervised Fine-TuningText

🎯 What it does: This paper compresses the feature dimensions of the KV cache of large language models by training a learnable orthogonal projection matrix, utilizing PCA initialization followed by knowledge distillation and a Matryoshka training strategy, ultimately achieving an adaptive heterogeneous compression rate that significantly reduces KV cache usage.

MAVIS: Mathematical Visual Instruction Tuning with an Automatic Data Engine

Renrui Zhang (Chinese University of Hong Kong), Hongsheng Li (Chinese University of Hong Kong)

CodeData SynthesisOptimizationTransformerLarge Language ModelContrastive LearningImageTextMultimodalityChain-of-Thought

🎯 What it does: This paper presents an automated data engine and a four-stage training pipeline named MAVIS, specifically designed to enhance the visual mathematical reasoning capabilities of multimodal large language models (MLLMs);