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NeurIPS 2024 Papers with Code β€” Page 16

Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems Β· 1874 papers

Semi-supervised Knowledge Transfer Across Multi-omic Single-cell Data

Fan Zhang (Georgia Institute of Technology), Hongyu Zhao (Yale University)

CodeDomain AdaptationSupervised Fine-TuningBiomedical Data

🎯 What it does: A semi-supervised cross-omics single-cell data transfer framework called DANCE is proposed to transfer cell type labels between scRNA-seq and scATAC-seq data, addressing the issue of label scarcity at both the source and target ends.

Semidefinite Relaxations of the Gromov-Wasserstein Distance

Junyu Chen (National University of Singapore), Yong Sheng Soh (National University of Singapore)

CodeOptimizationSupervised Fine-TuningPoint CloudMesh

🎯 What it does: A semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxation is proposed to solve the Gromov-Wasserstein (GW) distance, which can obtain globally optimal transport plans in most instances and provide a proof of global optimality.

Sequence-Augmented SE(3)-Flow Matching For Conditional Protein Generation

Guillaume Huguet (Dreamfold), Joey Bose

CodeGenerationData SynthesisProtein Structure PredictionTransformerLarge Language ModelReinforcement LearningFlow-based ModelBiomedical Data

🎯 What it does: A flow-matching based SE(3)-invariant model FOLDFLOW-2 was developed for conditional protein backbone generation, integrating large-scale protein language models with structural information.

Sequential Decision Making with Expert Demonstrations under Unobserved Heterogeneity

Vahid Balazadeh (University of Toronto), Vasilis Syrgkanis (Stanford University)

CodeReinforcement LearningSequential

🎯 What it does: The study utilizes a framework for online sequential decision-making assisted by expert demonstrations under unobserved contextual heterogeneity and proposes the ExPerior algorithm.

Sequoia: Scalable and Robust Speculative Decoding

Zhuoming Chen (Carnegie Mellon University), Beidi Chen (Fair, Meta)

CodeGenerationComputational EfficiencyTransformerLarge Language ModelText

🎯 What it does: We propose SEQUOIA, a scalable and robust explicit sampling decoding framework that can significantly accelerate inference for large language models.

Set-based Neural Network Encoding Without Weight Tying

Bruno Andreis (KAIST), Sung Ju Hwang (KAIST)

CodeTransformerImage

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes a set-based encoding method for neural network weights called SNE, which can predict network performance and attributes using only model parameters and can transfer across architectures and datasets.

SeTAR: Out-of-Distribution Detection with Selective Low-Rank Approximation

Yixia Li (Southern University of Science and Technology), Yun Chen (Shanghai University of Finance and Economics)

CodeAnomaly DetectionTransformerContrastive LearningImage

🎯 What it does: A training-agnostic method based on low-rank approximation, SeTAR, is proposed to improve the OOD detection of the CLIP model.

SfPUEL: Shape from Polarization under Unknown Environment Light

Youwei Lyu (Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications), Boxin Shi (Peking University)

CodeSegmentationDepth EstimationTransformerImage

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes the SfPUEL framework, which simultaneously estimates surface normals and segments metallic/dielectric materials using a single polarized image under unknown ambient light.

SGLang: Efficient Execution of Structured Language Model Programs

Lianmin Zheng (University of California Berkeley), Ying Sheng (Stanford University)

CodeOptimizationComputational EfficiencyTransformerLarge Language ModelImageVideoTextRetrieval-Augmented Generation

🎯 What it does: This paper presents SGLang, a domain-specific language and runtime for efficient programming and execution of structured language model programs (LM Programs).

Shadowcast: Stealthy Data Poisoning Attacks Against Vision-Language Models

Yuancheng Xu (University of Maryland), Furong Huang (University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign)

CodeAdversarial AttackData-Centric LearningTransformerLarge Language ModelSupervised Fine-TuningVision Language ModelImageTextMultimodality

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes Shadowcast, an invisible data poisoning attack targeting visual language models, which induces misleading responses from the model using visually consistent text-image pairs.

Shaping the distribution of neural responses with interneurons in a recurrent circuit model

David Lipshutz (Flatiron Institute), Eero P Simoncelli

CodeImage

🎯 What it does: A feasible neural circuit model based on optimal transport theory is proposed, which achieves nonlinear mapping of input signals to target distributions (such as Gaussian distributions) through the collaborative adjustment of synapses, activation functions, and gain by plastic interneurons, thereby optimizing the neural response distribution.

Sharing Key Semantics in Transformer Makes Efficient Image Restoration

Bin Ren (University of Pisa), Nicu Sebe (University of Trento)

CodeRestorationSuper ResolutionTransformerImage

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes SemanIR, an image restoration framework that shares a key semantic dictionary within a Transformer, achieving efficient self-attention computation by focusing only on the most semantically related patches.

Sharpness-diversity tradeoff: improving flat ensembles with SharpBalance

Haiquan Lu (Nankai University), Yaoqing Yang (Dartmouth College)

CodeClassificationOptimizationConvolutional Neural NetworkTransformerImage

🎯 What it does: This study investigates the trade-off relationship between sharpness and diversity in deep ensembles and proposes the SharpBalance method, which utilizes an adaptively selected subset to balance both, thereby improving ID and OOD performance.

SHMT: Self-supervised Hierarchical Makeup Transfer via Latent Diffusion Models

Zhaoyang Sun (Wuhan University of Technology), Yi Rong (Wuhan University of Technology)

CodeImage TranslationGenerationDiffusion modelImage

🎯 What it does: A self-supervised hierarchical makeup transfer method (SHMT) based on latent diffusion models is proposed, achieving makeup style transfer by splitting and reconstructing content and makeup information from facial images.

Similarity-Navigated Conformal Prediction for Graph Neural Networks

Jianqing Song (Nanjing University), Chongjun Wang (Nanjing University)

CodeSegmentationOptimizationGraph Neural NetworkGraph

🎯 What it does: An adaptive aggregation strategy based on feature similarity and structural neighbors (SNAPS) is proposed, which utilizes the inconsistency scores of same-label nodes to improve the efficiency of the prediction set in the segmentation conformal prediction of graph neural networks.

Simple and Effective Masked Diffusion Language Models

Subham Sekhar Sahoo (Cornell Tech), Volodymyr Kuleshov (Cornell Tech)

CodeTransformerLarge Language ModelDiffusion modelTextBiomedical Data

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes and implements a Masked Discrete Diffusion Language Model (MDLM), which significantly improves the log-likelihood of diffusion models in language modeling tasks through a simplified variational objective and improved sampling methods.

Simple and Fast Distillation of Diffusion Models

Zhenyu Zhou (Zhejiang University), Siwei Lyu (University at Buffalo)

CodeGenerationKnowledge DistillationDiffusion modelImage

🎯 What it does: A simple and efficient diffusion model distillation method (SFD) is proposed.

Simplified and Generalized Masked Diffusion for Discrete Data

Jiaxin Shi (Google DeepMind), Michalis Titsias

CodeGenerationData SynthesisTransformerReinforcement LearningDiffusion modelImageText

🎯 What it does: A simplified and general mask diffusion model MD4 is proposed, and based on this, a state-dependent GenMD4 is introduced; a concise integral form of the continuous-time ELBO is provided, significantly simplifying the training and sampling process.

Simplifying Constraint Inference with Inverse Reinforcement Learning

Adriana Hugessen (Mila UniversitΓ© de MontrΓ©al), Glen Berseth (Mila UniversitΓ© de MontrΓ©al)

CodeOptimizationReinforcement LearningSequential

🎯 What it does: This paper studies how to simplify constraint inference through inverse reinforcement learning, reducing the traditional three-layer optimization structure of inverse constraint reinforcement learning to two layers, and achieving safe constraint learning based on this.

Simplifying Latent Dynamics with Softly State-Invariant World Models

Tankred Saanum (Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics), Eric Schulz (Helmholtz Center Munich)

CodeRobotic IntelligenceReinforcement LearningWorld ModelImage

🎯 What it does: A world model called Parsimonious Latent Space Model (PLSM) is proposed, which makes the impact of actions on latent states more predictable through information bottleneck;

SimPO: Simple Preference Optimization with a Reference-Free Reward

Yu Meng (University of Virginia), Danqi Chen (Princeton University)

CodeRecommendation SystemOptimizationReinforcement LearningText

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes SimPO, a simple and efficient offline preference optimization algorithm;

Simulation-Free Training of Neural ODEs on Paired Data

Semin Kim (KAIST), Seunghoon Hong (KAIST)

CodeClassificationOptimizationFlow-based ModelAuto EncoderImageTabularOrdinary Differential Equation

🎯 What it does: A flow matching-based framework for non-simulated training is proposed to learn deterministic mappings on continuous depth models (NODE).

SimVG: A Simple Framework for Visual Grounding with Decoupled Multi-modal Fusion

Ming Dai (Southeast University), Wankou Yang (Southeast University)

CodeRecognitionObject DetectionKnowledge DistillationTransformerVision Language ModelImageMultimodality

🎯 What it does: A concise and efficient visual grounding framework named SimVG is proposed, which decouples multimodal fusion from downstream tasks and directly uses a pretrained multimodal model for feature interaction.

Single Image Reflection Separation via Dual-Stream Interactive Transformers

Qiming Hu (Tianjin University), Xiaojie Guo (Tianjin University)

CodeRestorationConvolutional Neural NetworkTransformerImage

🎯 What it does: A dual-stream interactive Transformer for single image reflection separation is proposed, utilizing global and local prior interactions and introducing a dual attention module to achieve inter-layer and intra-layer feature collaboration.

SIRIUS : Contexual Sparisty with Correction for Efficient LLMs

Yang Zhou (Carnegie Mellon University), Beidi Chen (Carnegie Mellon University)

CodeOptimizationComputational EfficiencyTransformerLarge Language ModelText

🎯 What it does: This paper studies the use of Contextual Sparsity technology in large language model inference to reduce computational load and proposes the SIRIUS mechanism to correct erroneous tokens generated during the sparse model generation process, thereby restoring inference quality.

Sketched Lanczos uncertainty score: a low-memory summary of the Fisher information

Marco Miani (Technical University of Denmark), SΓΈren Hauberg (Technical University of Denmark)

CodeClassificationOptimizationComputational EfficiencyConvolutional Neural NetworkTransformerImage

🎯 What it does: A low-memory Fisher information matrix approximation method is proposed for pre-trained neural networks, and it is used to calculate uncertainty scores (SLU).

Sketchy Moment Matching: Toward Fast and Provable Data Selection for Finetuning

Yijun Dong (New York University), Qi Lei (New York University)

CodeOptimizationData-Centric LearningSupervised Fine-TuningImage

🎯 What it does: A two-stage SkMM method is proposed for data selection in fine-tuning tasks, which explores the parameter space through gradient sketching and then performs moment matching to balance variance and bias.

Skill-aware Mutual Information Optimisation for Zero-shot Generalisation in Reinforcement Learning

Xuehui Yu (Harbin Institute of Technology), Stefano V Albrecht

CodeRobotic IntelligenceMeta LearningReinforcement LearningContrastive Learning

🎯 What it does: This paper studies a context encoder based on skill-aware mutual information, aimed at enhancing the zero-shot generalization ability of Meta-RL across different tasks.

Skinned Motion Retargeting with Dense Geometric Interaction Perception

Zijie Ye (Tsinghua University), Mike Zheng Shou (National University of Singapore)

CodeTransformerMesh

🎯 What it does: Proposes the MeshRet framework, achieving skinning motion redirection based on dense geometric interaction perception.

SlimSAM: 0.1% Data Makes Segment Anything Slim

Zigeng Chen (National University of Singapore), Xinchao Wang (National University of Singapore)

CodeSegmentationCompressionKnowledge DistillationImage

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes SlimSAM, a method for compressing the Segment Anything Model (SAM) using very little training data (0.1%).

SLowcalSGD : Slow Query Points Improve Local-SGD for Stochastic Convex Optimization

Tehila Dahan (Technion), Kfir Yehuda Levy

CodeOptimizationTabular

🎯 What it does: A new local update algorithm SLo wcal-SGD is proposed for heterogeneous distributed stochastic convex optimization, significantly improving communication efficiency and convergence speed in multi-machine training.

SlowFocus: Enhancing Fine-grained Temporal Understanding in Video LLM

Ming Nie (Fudan University), Li Zhang (Fudan University)

CodeTransformerLarge Language ModelSupervised Fine-TuningVision Language ModelVideoBenchmark

🎯 What it does: The SlowFocus mechanism is proposed, which enhances the understanding and reasoning of fine-grained temporal information in video LLMs through high-frequency sampling, temporal encoding, and multi-frequency mixed attention during query-related periods.

SLTrain: a sparse plus low rank approach for parameter and memory efficient pretraining

Andi Han (RIKEN Artificial Intelligence Project), Bamdev Mishra (Microsoft)

CodeOptimizationComputational EfficiencyTransformerLarge Language ModelText

🎯 What it does: The SLTrain method is proposed, which decomposes the weight matrix into low-rank and fixed random sparse parts during the pre-training phase of large language models, achieving high efficiency in both parameters and memory.

Sm: enhanced localization in Multiple Instance Learning for medical imaging classification

Francisco M Castro-MacΓ­as, Aggelos Katsaggelos

CodeClassificationObject DetectionTransformerImageBiomedical DataComputed Tomography

🎯 What it does: A new smoothing operator Sm is proposed to enhance the localization capability of multi-instance learning (MIL) in medical image classification, particularly in instance-level predictions.

SmallToLarge (S2L): Scalable Data Selection for Fine-tuning Large Language Models by Summarizing Training Trajectories of Small Models

Yu Yang (University of California), Baharan Mirzasoleiman (University of California)

CodeTransformerLarge Language ModelSupervised Fine-TuningTextBiomedical Data

🎯 What it does: Proposed the SMALLTOLARGE (S2L) method: train a small model to obtain the loss trajectory for each sample, cluster the trajectories, and then uniformly sample from each cluster to obtain a subset for supervised fine-tuning of a large model.

SMART: Scalable Multi-agent Real-time Motion Generation via Next-token Prediction

Wei Wu (Tsinghua University), Yuheng KAN

CodeGenerationAutonomous DrivingTransformerLarge Language ModelSequential

🎯 What it does: A self-regressive motion generation framework called SMART based on discrete sequences is proposed, which uses a GPT-style decoder-only transformer to directly predict the next action or road vector label.

SMART: Towards Pre-trained Missing-Aware Model for Patient Health Status Prediction

Zhihao Yu (Peking University), Junfeng Zhao (Peking University)

CodeTransformerSupervised Fine-TuningTabularBiomedical DataElectronic Health Records

🎯 What it does: The SMART model is proposed, utilizing self-supervised missingness-aware pre-training to enhance predictive performance on EHR data.

Smoke and Mirrors in Causal Downstream Tasks

Riccardo Cadei (Institute of Science and Technology Austria), Francesco Locatello (Institute of Science and Technology Austria)

CodeTransformerVideoBenchmark

🎯 What it does: This study investigates how training design and prediction processes when using pre-trained deep learning models for causal downstream tasks may lead to biased causal effect estimates, validated based on a newly constructed high-dimensional observational dataset called ISTAnt.

Smoothed Energy Guidance: Guiding Diffusion Models with Reduced Energy Curvature of Attention

Susung Hong (University of Washington)

CodeGenerationData SynthesisTransformerDiffusion modelGaussian SplattingImage

🎯 What it does: A training-free, unconditional Smoothed Energy Guidance (SEG) method is proposed, which utilizes Gaussian blur on self-attention weights to reduce energy curvature, thereby enhancing the image generation quality of diffusion models.

SnapKV: LLM Knows What You are Looking for Before Generation

Yuhong Li (University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), Deming Chen (University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign)

CodeGenerationCompressionComputational EfficiencyTransformerLarge Language ModelPrompt EngineeringText

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes SnapKV, a KV cache compression method that does not require fine-tuning, which can identify and retain the most important attention features in advance during the generation phase, significantly reducing time and memory consumption during long text inference.

SocialGPT: Prompting LLMs for Social Relation Reasoning via Greedy Segment Optimization

Wanhua Li (Harvard University), Hanspeter Pfister (Harvard University)

CodeOptimizationExplainability and InterpretabilityTransformerLarge Language ModelPrompt EngineeringVision Language ModelImageTextMultimodality

🎯 What it does: Proposes the SocialGPT framework, which utilizes visual foundation models to extract image information, generates symbolic social stories, and then uses large language models for social relationship reasoning to provide interpretable answers.

SocraticLM: Exploring Socratic Personalized Teaching with Large Language Models

Jiayu Liu (University of Science and Technology of China), Enhong Chen (University of Science and Technology of China)

CodeTransformerLarge Language ModelSupervised Fine-TuningPrompt EngineeringText

🎯 What it does: Proposes SocraticLM, which implements Socratic thinking-based personalized teaching by combining the SocraTeach dataset.

Soft ascent-descent as a stable and flexible alternative to flooding

Matthew J. Holland (Osaka University), Kosuke Nakatani (Osaka University)

CodeClassificationOptimizationImage

🎯 What it does: A soft adaptive gradient method called SoftAD is designed and evaluated to improve the generalization and model complexity of traditional Flooding and SAM in classification tasks.

Soft Prompt Threats: Attacking Safety Alignment and Unlearning in Open-Source LLMs through the Embedding Space

Leo Schwinn (Technical University of Munich), Stephan GΓΌnnemann (Technical University of Munich)

CodeSafty and PrivacyAdversarial AttackTransformerLarge Language ModelPrompt EngineeringText

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes and evaluates embedding space adversarial attacks on open-source large language models, demonstrating their ability to efficiently bypass safety alignment, recover 'forgotten' information, and extract pre-training data.

Soft Superpixel Neighborhood Attention

Kent Gauen (Purdue University), Stanley H. Chan

CodeRestorationImage

🎯 What it does: A soft superpixel neighborhood attention (SNA) module is proposed for image denoising tasks, which re-weights attention weights using pixel-level superpixel probabilities to better capture the variable boundaries of objects.

SOFTS: Efficient Multivariate Time Series Forecasting with Series-Core Fusion

Lu Han (Nanjing University), De-Chuan Zhan (Nanjing University)

CodeComputational EfficiencyRecurrent Neural NetworkGraph Neural NetworkTransformerReinforcement LearningTime Series

🎯 What it does: A multivariate time series forecasting model SOFTS based on MLP is proposed, which introduces the STAR module to capture inter-channel correlations for efficient prediction.

Solving Inverse Problems via Diffusion Optimal Control

Henry Li (Yale University), Marcus Aloysius Pereira

CodeRestorationSuper ResolutionOptimizationDiffusion modelImageStochastic Differential EquationOrdinary Differential Equation

🎯 What it does: A framework for solving inverse problems based on discrete optimal control (Diffusion Optimal Control) is constructed, treating the reverse diffusion process as controllable dynamics and directly searching for samples in the control space that satisfy observation constraints.

Solving Sparse \& High-Dimensional-Output Regression via Compression

Renyuan Li (National University of Singapore), Guanyi Wang (National University of Singapore)

CodeOptimizationComputational EfficiencyGaussian SplattingTabular

🎯 What it does: A two-stage compression framework for the multi-output regression (SHORE) problem with high-dimensional sparse outputs is proposed, which first compresses the outputs through random projection and then trains and performs projection gradient descent for prediction.

Source Code Foundation Models are Transferable Binary Analysis Knowledge Bases

Zian Su (Purdue University), Xiangyu Zhang (Purdue University)

CodeGenerationAI Code AssistantTransformerLarge Language ModelMultimodalityRetrieval-Augmented Generation

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes a 'probe-and-recover' framework called ProRec, which combines a binary-source code cross-modal alignment encoder-decoder (Prober) with a black-box LLM (Recoverer) to automatically generate symbol-rich source code snippets as context, enhancing the effectiveness of binary reverse engineering tasks (summary and function name recovery).

Sourcerer: Sample-based Maximum Entropy Source Distribution Estimation

Julius Vetter (University of TΓΌbingen), Jakob H. Macke (Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems)

CodeBiomedical Data

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes a source distribution estimation method (Sourcerer) based on the maximum entropy principle, which infers the parameter distribution of scientific simulators from observational data without requiring explicit likelihood.

SpaFL: Communication-Efficient Federated Learning With Sparse Models And Low Computational Overhead

Minsu Kim (Virginia Tech), Choong Seon Hong (Kyung Hee University)

CodeFederated LearningComputational EfficiencyConvolutional Neural NetworkTransformerImage

🎯 What it does: The SpaFL framework is proposed, which achieves structured sparsity through trainable thresholds, only communicating thresholds in federated learning rather than parameters, significantly reducing communication and computation costs while improving model accuracy.

Sparse Bayesian Generative Modeling for Compressive Sensing

Benedikt BΓΆck (Technical University of Munich), Wolfgang Utschick (Technical University of Munich)

CodeGenerationCompressionAuto EncoderGenerative Adversarial NetworkImage

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes a Sparse Bayesian Generative Modeling approach for linear inverse problems in compressed sensing, which can learn from a small number of noisy compressed samples and directly solve inverse problems without optimization.

Sparse High Rank Adapters

Kartikeya Bhardwaj (Qualcomm AI Research), Markus Nagel (Qualcomm AI Research)

CodeGenerationData SynthesisTransformerLarge Language ModelSupervised Fine-TuningDiffusion modelImageText

🎯 What it does: A highly sparse high-rank adapter (SHiRA) is proposed, which can complete various generation tasks by fine-tuning only 1-2% of the parameters of the pre-trained model.

Sparse maximal update parameterization: A holistic approach to sparse training dynamics

Nolan Simran Dey (Cerebras Systems), Joel Hestness (Cerebras Systems)

CodeTransformerLarge Language ModelText

🎯 What it does: Proposed Sparse Maximum Update Parameterization (S¡Par) to stabilize the training dynamics of sparse networks and achieve performance surpassing that of dense networks.

SparseLLM: Towards Global Pruning of Pre-trained Language Models

Guangji Bai (Emory University), Liang Zhao (Argonne National Laboratory)

CodeOptimizationTransformerLarge Language ModelText

🎯 What it does: Proposes the SparseLLM framework, which breaks down the global pruning of large-scale LLMs into manageable subproblems, achieving globally optimal pruning under low resources;

Spatio-Temporal Interactive Learning for Efficient Image Reconstruction of Spiking Cameras

Bin Fan (Peking University), Boxin Shi (Peking University)

CodeRestorationSpiking Neural NetworkOptical FlowImageVideo

🎯 What it does: An efficient spatiotemporal interactive network (STIR) is proposed for reconstructing high-quality intermediate frames from the binary spatiotemporal pulse stream of an integrated neuromorphic vision camera.

Speaking Your Language: Spatial Relationships in Interpretable Emergent Communication

Olaf Lipinski (University of Southampton), Timothy J. Norman (University of Southampton)

CodeRecognitionExplainability and InterpretabilityRecurrent Neural NetworkAgentic AISequential

🎯 What it does: In a reference game environment, agents communicate spatial relationships of target positions in a sequence through discrete messages and analyze their interpretability.

SPEAR: Exact Gradient Inversion of Batches in Federated Learning

Dimitar Iliev Dimitrov, Martin Vechev (ETH Zurich)

CodeFederated LearningComputational EfficiencyAdversarial AttackImage

🎯 What it does: An algorithm named SPEAR is proposed, which can accurately reconstruct input data with a batch size greater than 1 in federated learning, challenging the previous assumption that this is not achievable in an honest-but-curious setting.

Spectral Adapter: Fine-Tuning in Spectral Space

Fangzhao Zhang (Stanford University), Mert Pilanci (Stanford University)

CodeTransformerSupervised Fine-TuningDiffusion modelText

🎯 What it does: Proposes the Spectral Adapter, which achieves low-parameter fine-tuning by performing incremental or orthogonal rotations in the singular vector space of the pre-trained weights;

Spectral Editing of Activations for Large Language Model Alignment

Yifu QIU, Shay B Cohen

CodeGenerationOptimizationTransformerLarge Language ModelText

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes a training-agnostic activation editing methodβ€”Spectral Editing of Activations (SEA), which guides the model to generate outputs that better align with human preferences (more accurate and fair) by projecting the internal representations of LLM during inference onto directions that are maximally correlated with positive examples (e.g., true) and minimally correlated with negative examples (e.g., false).

Spectral Learning of Shared Dynamics Between Generalized-Linear Processes

Lucine L Oganesian, Maryam Shanechi

CodeOptimizationTime Series

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes a multi-stage covariance-based system identification algorithm PGLDM, which is used to simultaneously model two generalized linear time series and explicitly separate shared and private dynamics.

Spectral-Risk Safe Reinforcement Learning with Convergence Guarantees

Dohyeong Kim (Seoul National University), Songhwai Oh (Seoul National University)

CodeOptimizationSafty and PrivacyReinforcement LearningTabular

🎯 What it does: A safety reinforcement learning algorithm based on spectral risk measures is proposedβ€”Spectral-Risk-Constrained Policy Optimization (SRCPO), which ensures convergence and optimality in discrete (tabular) environments through bi-level optimization and achieves optimal performance in continuous control tasks.

SpeechForensics: Audio-Visual Speech Representation Learning for Face Forgery Detection

Yachao Liang (Institute of Information Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences), Weiqing Huang (Institute of Information Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences)

CodeAnomaly DetectionRepresentation LearningContrastive LearningVideoMultimodalityAudio

🎯 What it does: Proposes an unsupervised facial forgery detection method that identifies forgeries by detecting semantic mismatches between lip movements in the video and audio through audiovisual speech representation learning from real videos.

SpGesture: Source-Free Domain-adaptive sEMG-based Gesture Recognition with Jaccard Attentive Spiking Neural Network

Weiyu Guo (Hong Kong University of Science and Technology), Hui Xiong (Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)

CodeRecognitionDomain AdaptationSpiking Neural NetworkTime Series

🎯 What it does: A SpGesture framework based on spiking neural networks is proposed, which includes Spiking Jaccard Attention and Source-Free Domain Adaptation, specifically addressing the distribution shift problem in sEMG gesture recognition.

Spherical Frustum Sparse Convolution Network for LiDAR Point Cloud Semantic Segmentation

Yu Zheng (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Hesheng Wang (Shanghai Jiao Tong University)

CodeSegmentationAutonomous DrivingConvolutional Neural NetworkPoint Cloud

🎯 What it does: A LiDAR point cloud semantic segmentation method based on Spherical Frustum, SFCNet, is proposed, which eliminates the loss of geometric information caused by quantization in traditional spherical projection.

SpikedAttention: Training-Free and Fully Spike-Driven Transformer-to-SNN Conversion with Winner-Oriented Spike Shift for Softmax Operation

Sangwoo Hwang (Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology), Jaeha Kung (Korea University)

CodeSpiking Neural NetworkTransformerImageText

🎯 What it does: A training-free, fully synaptic Transformer to SNN conversion method called SpikedAttention is proposed.

SpikeReveal: Unlocking Temporal Sequences from Real Blurry Inputs with Spike Streams

Kang Chen (Peking University), Zhaofei Yu (Peking University)

CodeRestorationSuper ResolutionKnowledge DistillationSpiking Neural NetworkImageVideo

🎯 What it does: A self-supervised spike-guided motion deblurring framework S-SDM has been developed, which can utilize low-resolution spike flow to recover a continuous sequence of clear frames from a single blurred image.

Spiking Graph Neural Network on Riemannian Manifolds

Li Sun (North China Electric Power University), Philip S. Yu (University of Illinois at Chicago)

CodeOptimizationComputational EfficiencyGraph Neural NetworkSpiking Neural NetworkGraphOrdinary Differential Equation

🎯 What it does: A spike graph neural network (MSG) that operates in Riemannian geometric spaces is proposed, achieving energy-efficient learning of graph data.

Spiking Neural Network as Adaptive Event Stream Slicer

Jiahang Cao (Hong Kong University of Science and Technology), Renjing Xu (Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)

CodeObject TrackingSpiking Neural NetworkVideoPoint Cloud

🎯 What it does: An adaptive event stream segmentation method called SpikeSlicer is proposed, utilizing low-energy pulse neural networks (SNN) as event triggers.

Spiking Token Mixer: An event-driven friendly Former structure for spiking neural networks

Shikuang Deng (University of Electronic Science and Technology of China), Shi Gu (University of Electronic Science and Technology of China)

CodeClassificationOptimizationComputational EfficiencyNeural Architecture SearchSpiking Neural NetworkTransformerImage

🎯 What it does: A novel event-driven friendly spiking neural network architecture called STMixer is proposed, which achieves high-performance inference at T=1 by implementing token mixing and information-preserving patch segmentation using operations such as convolution, fully connected layers, and residual paths that are only supported on asynchronous hardware.

SplitNeRF: Split Sum Approximation Neural Field for Joint Geometry, Illumination, and Material Estimation

Jesus Zarzar (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology), Bernard Ghanem (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology)

CodeRestorationGenerationOptimizationComputational EfficiencyNeural Radiance FieldImage

🎯 What it does: A NeRF-based inverse rendering framework is proposed, which utilizes split sum approximation to separate lighting and material, and learns pre-integrated lighting and occlusion factors through a single MLP, allowing for the simultaneous estimation of object geometry, material properties, and environmental lighting within a few hours.

SPO: Sequential Monte Carlo Policy Optimisation

Matthew Macfarlane, Alexandre Laterre (InstaDeep)

CodeOptimizationReinforcement LearningSequential

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes Sequential Monte Carlo Policy Optimisation (SPO), which achieves adaptive improvement of policies by combining SMC planning with the EM framework.

SPRINQL: Sub-optimal Demonstrations driven Offline Imitation Learning

Huy Hoang (Singapore Management University), Pradeep Varakantham (Singapore Management University)

CodeRobotic IntelligenceReinforcement LearningSequential

🎯 What it does: A new offline imitation learning algorithm called SPRINQL is proposed, which can simultaneously utilize expert and multi-level suboptimal demonstrations for learning.

SS1: Accelerating Inference with Fast and Expressive Sketch Structured Transform

Aditya Desai (Rice University), Anshumali Shrivastava (Rice University)

CodeComputational EfficiencyTransformerLarge Language ModelText

🎯 What it does: A new structured linear transformation method SS1 is proposed, which accelerates the inference of the linear layers in deep learning models using random parameter sharing and GPU-friendly computation.

SSA-Seg: Semantic and Spatial Adaptive Pixel-level Classifier for Semantic Segmentation

Xiaowen Ma (Huawei Noah's Ark Lab), Xinghao Chen (Huawei Noah's Ark Lab)

CodeSegmentationKnowledge DistillationConvolutional Neural NetworkImage

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes a pixel-level classifier called SSA-Seg, which is based on semantic and spatial adaptation. It uses rough masks to guide the original prototypes to shift towards the semantic and spatial centers of the test images, and enhances performance through online multi-domain distillation.

SSDiff: Spatial-spectral Integrated Diffusion Model for Remote Sensing Pansharpening

Yu Zhong (University of Electronic Science and Technology of China), Hong-Xia Dou (Xihua University)

CodeImage TranslationRestorationDiffusion modelImage

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes a diffusion model called SSDiff based on spatial-spectral subspace decomposition, which uses a dual-branch network to learn spatial details and spectral features separately, and achieves high-quality remote sensing image fusion through an alternating projection fusion module.

Stabilize the Latent Space for Image Autoregressive Modeling: A Unified Perspective

Yongxin Zhu (University of Science and Technology of China), Lidong Bing (University of Science and Technology of China)

CodeGenerationTransformerAuto EncoderImage

🎯 What it does: A discrete image tokenizer based on a stable latent space has been constructed, and a GPT-style causal Transformer generative model DiGIT has been trained in this space.

Stabilized Proximal-Point Methods for Federated Optimization

Xiaowen Jiang (Saarland University), Sebastian U Stich

CodeOptimizationFederated LearningImageTabular

🎯 What it does: A new distributed proximal point method S-DANE and its accelerated version ACC-S-DANE are proposed for federated optimization.

Stabilizing Linear Passive-Aggressive Online Learning with Weighted Reservoir Sampling

Skyler Wu (Booz Allen Hamilton), James Holt (Laboratory for Physical Sciences)

CodeTabular

🎯 What it does: A WRS-Augmented Training (WAT) method is proposed that stabilizes any passive-aggressive online learning algorithm with single-pass training and without the need for a hold-out set.

Stable-Pose: Leveraging Transformers for Pose-Guided Text-to-Image Generation

Jiajun Wang (Technical University of Munich), Christian Wachinger (Technical University of Munich)

CodeGenerationPose EstimationTransformerDiffusion modelImage

🎯 What it does: Developed the Stable-Pose adapter within the Stable Diffusion framework, achieving fine control of human poses through a coarse-to-fine hierarchical pose masking attention mechanism, enabling pose-guided text-to-image generation.

Star-Agents: Automatic Data Optimization with LLM Agents for Instruction Tuning

Hang Zhou (Huawei Noah's Ark Lab), Yunhe Wang (Huawei Noah's Ark Lab)

CodeOptimizationData-Centric LearningTransformerLarge Language ModelSupervised Fine-TuningAgentic AIText

🎯 What it does: The Star-Agents framework is proposed, which generates diverse and high-quality instruction data through multi-agent collaboration and conducts dual model evaluation to enhance the instruction tuning effect of LLMs.

START: A Generalized State Space Model with Saliency-Driven Token-Aware Transformation

Jintao Guo (Nanjing University), Yang Gao (Nanjing University)

CodeDomain AdaptationConvolutional Neural NetworkTransformerImage

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes a domain generalization framework called START based on a state space model, which utilizes saliency-driven token-aware transformations to suppress domain features in the input dependency matrix, thereby enhancing the model's generalization ability to unseen domains.

State Chrono Representation for Enhancing Generalization in Reinforcement Learning

Jianda Chen (Nanyang Technological University), Tianwei Zhang (Nanyang Technological University)

CodeReinforcement LearningImage

🎯 What it does: A new state-time representation (SCR) method is proposed, which enhances the generalization ability of state representation in reinforcement learning by incorporating extensive temporal information into the update steps of dual-similarity metric learning.

Statistical and Geometrical properties of the Kernel Kullback-Leibler divergence

Anna Korba (CREST, ENSAE, IP Paris), ClΓ©mentine Chazal (CREST, ENSAE, IP Paris)

CodeOptimization

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes a regularized variant of the original Kernel Kullback-Leibler (KKL) divergence, providing its closed-form expression and gradient, and implements Wasserstein gradient flow optimization on discrete measures; theoretical analysis gives bias bounds, finite sample bounds, and convergence relations with the original KKL; the effectiveness of the method is subsequently validated on synthetic datasets.

Stealth edits to large language models

Oliver Sutton, Ivan Y Tyukin

CodeOptimizationAdversarial AttackTransformerLarge Language ModelPrompt EngineeringText

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes and implements the method of 'Stealth Edits', which can precisely correct the hallucination outputs of language models under specific prompts through fine-grained weight updates without retraining the model; it also reveals the model's susceptibility to malicious stealth attacks.

StepbaQ: Stepping backward as Correction for Quantized Diffusion Models

Yi-Chung Chen (MediaTek), Jing-Ren Chen (MediaTek)

CodeGenerationData SynthesisDiffusion modelImage

🎯 What it does: A compensation method called StepbaQ is proposed to correct the accumulation of quantization errors in quantized diffusion models, which can improve generation quality without modifying the quantization settings.

Stepwise Alignment for Constrained Language Model Policy Optimization

Akifumi Wachi (LY Corporation), Youhei Akimoto (University of Tsukuba)

CodeOptimizationReinforcement Learning from Human FeedbackSupervised Fine-TuningReinforcement LearningText

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes a stepwise alignment approach for optimizing constrained language models (SACPO), which first aligns reward metrics and then aligns safety metrics, thereby achieving dual alignment of human values and safety constraints.

Stochastic Amortization: A Unified Approach to Accelerate Feature and Data Attribution

Ian Connick Covert, Tatsunori Hashimoto (Stanford University)

CodeExplainability and InterpretabilityComputational EfficiencyNeural Architecture SearchConvolutional Neural NetworkImageTabular

🎯 What it does: A random amortization method is proposed to accelerate feature and data attribution tasks by training models with noisy labels.

Stochastic Concept Bottleneck Models

Moritz Vandenhirtz (ETH Zurich), Julia E Vogt

CodeClassificationOptimizationImageTabular

🎯 What it does: A new concept bottleneck model (SCBM) is proposed, which explicitly models the correlation between concepts using a multivariate normal distribution, and based on this, designs an intervention strategy based on confidence intervals.

Stochastic Kernel Regularisation Improves Generalisation in Deep Kernel Machines

Edward Milsom (University of Bristol), Laurence Aitchison (University of Bristol)

CodeClassificationOptimizationConvolutional Neural NetworkImageStochastic Differential Equation

🎯 What it does: This paper introduces random kernel regularization on deep kernel machines, enhancing their generalization ability for image classification tasks.

Stochastic Optimal Control for Diffusion Bridges in Function Spaces

Byoungwoo Park (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology), Juho Lee (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology)

CodeGenerationData SynthesisOptimizationTime SeriesStochastic Differential Equation

🎯 What it does: Construct a stochastic optimal control theory for diffusion bridges in infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces, and based on this, design learning algorithms for bridge matching and Bayesian inference, solving the problem of density without explicit form caused by the lack of equivalent Lebesgue measure;

Stochastic Optimal Control Matching

Carles Domingo-Enrich (New York University), Ricky T. Q. Chen (Meta)

CodeOptimizationReinforcement LearningStochastic Differential Equation

🎯 What it does: Proposed the SOCM method, which uses least squares matching vector fields to learn stochastic optimal control.

Stochastic Taylor Derivative Estimator: Efficient amortization for arbitrary differential operators

Zekun Shi (National University of Singapore), Kenji Kawaguchi (National University of Singapore)

CodeOptimizationComputational EfficiencyTabularStochastic Differential EquationOrdinary Differential Equation

🎯 What it does: A stochastic Taylor derivative estimator (STDE) based on infinitesimal Taylor mode automatic differentiation is proposed, which can efficiently randomize differential operators of any order and any dimension;

STONE: A Submodular Optimization Framework for Active 3D Object Detection

RUIYU MAO, Yunhui Guo (University of Texas at Dallas)

CodeObject DetectionAutonomous DrivingOptimizationPoint Cloud

🎯 What it does: A submodular optimization-based active 3D object detection framework called STONE is proposed, which significantly reduces labeling costs using a two-stage subset selection strategy.

Stopping Bayesian Optimization with Probabilistic Regret Bounds

James T. Wilson (Morgan Stanley)

CodeOptimizationHyperparameter SearchTabularSequential

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes a Probability Regret Bound (PRB) stopping rule based on Bayesian optimization, which uses a Gaussian process model to estimate the probability that the current point satisfies the Ρ-optimal condition and stops the search once a threshold is reached.

StreamingDialogue: Prolonged Dialogue Learning via Long Context Compression with Minimal Losses

Jia-Nan Li (Renmin University of China), Rui Yan (Renmin University of China)

CodeCompressionComputational EfficiencyTransformerText

🎯 What it does: By treating the End-of-Utterance (EoU) delimiters in conversations as 'conversation attention absorption points', long dialogue histories are compressed, only caching these attention absorption points, thereby reducing computational load and memory usage, supporting continuous dialogues of over 200K statements.

Stress-Testing Capability Elicitation With Password-Locked Models

Ryan Greenblatt (Redwood Research), David Krueger (University of Cambridge)

CodeAI Code AssistantTransformerLarge Language ModelSupervised Fine-TuningReinforcement LearningPrompt EngineeringText

🎯 What it does: This paper studies a type of LLM called password-locked models, which only exhibit hidden capabilities when a specific password appears in the input; otherwise, their performance is weakened. The model is used to stress-test capability activation methods based on fine-tuning.

Structure Consistent Gaussian Splatting with Matching Prior for Few-shot Novel View Synthesis

Rui Peng (Peking University), Ronggang Wang (Peking University)

CodeGenerationData SynthesisOptimizationNeural Radiance FieldGaussian SplattingImage

🎯 What it does: A new perspective synthesis method based on 3D Gaussian projection with few views (SCGaussian) is proposed, which matches prior learned 3D consistent scene structures.

Structured Learning of Compositional Sequential Interventions

Jialin Yu (University College London), Ricardo Silva (University College London)

CodeRecommendation SystemExplainability and InterpretabilityRecurrent Neural NetworkAuto EncoderSequential

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes an interpretable structured model for predicting behavioral changes under unknown combinations of sequential interventions (such as multi-time point policies or recommendations), and provides its identifiability theory and learnable algorithms.

Structured Matrix Basis for Multivariate Time Series Forecasting with Interpretable Dynamics

Xiaodan Chen (Harbin Institute of Technology), Zhijun Li (Harbin Institute of Technology)

CodeAnomaly DetectionExplainability and InterpretabilityComputational EfficiencyGraph Neural NetworkTime Series

🎯 What it does: A multivariate time series forecasting model SUMBA based on structured matrix bases is proposed, which reduces variance and enhances interpretability by directly parameterizing dynamic spatial structures.