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NeurIPS 2025 Papers with Code β€” Page 9

Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems Β· 2283 papers

Gaussian Regression-Driven Tensorized Incomplete Multi-View Clustering with Dual Manifold Regularization

Zhenhao Zhong (Hebei Normal University), Ruiqiang Guo (Hebei Normal University)

CodeGaussian SplattingMultimodality

🎯 What it does: A tensor-based incomplete multi-view clustering framework GUITAR is proposed, which is based on Gaussian regression norm, improved β„“Ξ΄ norm, and double manifold regularization.

GaussianFusion: Gaussian-Based Multi-Sensor Fusion for End-to-End Autonomous Driving

Shuai Liu (Sun Yat-sen University), Kai Huang (Sun Yat-sen University)

CodeAutonomous DrivingOptimizationExplainability and InterpretabilityComputational EfficiencyGaussian SplattingPoint CloudBenchmark

🎯 What it does: A multi-sensor fusion framework called GaussianFusion based on 2D Gaussian distribution is proposed for perception and path planning in end-to-end autonomous driving.

Gaze-VLM: Bridging Gaze and VLMs through Attention Regularization for Egocentric Understanding

Anupam Pani (Hong Kong University), Yanchao Yang (Hong Kong University)

CodeRecognitionGenerationTransformerVision Language ModelOptical FlowVideoMultimodality

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes using human gaze as an attention regularization signal during the training phase of VLM to enhance activity understanding and future action prediction in first-person videos.

GEM: Empowering MLLM for Grounded ECG Understanding with Time Series and Images

Xiang Lan (National University of Singapore), Mengling Feng (National University of Singapore)

CodeAnomaly DetectionTransformerLarge Language ModelSupervised Fine-TuningVision Language ModelImageTextMultimodalityTime SeriesBiomedical DataElectrocardiogramBenchmark

🎯 What it does: Proposes GEM, the first multimodal large language model that combines ECG time series, 12-lead images, and text for evidence-based electrocardiogram interpretation.

GeneFlow: Translation of Single-cell Gene Expression to Histopathological Images via Rectified Flow

Mengbo Wang (Purdue University), Nadia Atallah Lanman (Purdue University)

CodeImage TranslationGenerationData SynthesisDiffusion modelRectified FlowImageBiomedical Data

🎯 What it does: Generating high-resolution tissue pathology images from spatial transcriptomics data

Generalization Bounds for Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (KANs) and Enhanced KANs with Lower Lipschitz Complexity

Pengqi Li (Beijing Institute of Technology), Ye Yuan (Beijing Institute of Technology)

CodeClassificationOptimizationImageTextMultimodality

🎯 What it does: This paper studies the generalization mechanism of Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (KAN), defining Lipschitz complexity for the first time as a measure of structural complexity of KAN, and deriving a generalization upper bound based on this; subsequently, it proposes the LipKAN architecture, which inserts Lip layers between each activation layer and employs L1^5 regularization, significantly reducing Lipschitz complexity and thereby enhancing the model's generalization performance.

Generalization Error Analysis for Selective State-Space Models Through the Lens of Attention

Arya Honarpisheh (Northeastern University), Mario Sznaier (Northeastern University)

CodeRecurrent Neural NetworkTransformerTextSequential

🎯 What it does: This study investigates the generalization error of Selective State Space Models (Selective SSM) in sequence modeling and provides a generalization bound based on covering numbers.

Generalization Guarantees for Learning Score-Based Branch-and-Cut Policies in Integer Programming

Hongyu Cheng (Johns Hopkins University), Amitabh Basu (Johns Hopkins University)

CodeOptimizationScore-based Model

🎯 What it does: This paper constructs a theoretical framework that proves when the scoring function of branch-and-cut (B&C) decisions has a piecewise polynomial structure, the overall performance metrics (such as tree size) are piecewise constant with respect to the parameters, and provides upper bounds for pseudo-dimension and sample complexity.

Generalized and Invariant Single-Neuron In-Vivo Activity Representation Learning

Wei Wu (Peking University), Jinzhuo Wang (Peking University)

CodeRepresentation LearningAdversarial AttackTransformerAuto EncoderContrastive LearningBiomedical Data

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes a general adversarial training framework to eliminate batch effects in single-cell activity characterization, thereby enhancing the generalization ability of single-cell characterization models under different animals and stimulation conditions.

Generalized Gradient Norm Clipping & Non-Euclidean $(L_0,L_1)$-Smoothness

Thomas Pethick (Γ‰cole Polytechnique FΓ©dΓ©rale de Lausanne), Volkan Cevher (Γ‰cole Polytechnique FΓ©dΓ©rale de Lausanne)

CodeOptimizationImageText

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes a non-Euclidean gradient norm clipping method that combines conditional gradient and steepest descent, and proves its descent property under (L0, L1)-smoothness.

Generalized Top-k Mallows Model for Ranked Choices

Shahrzad Haddadan (Rutgers Business School), Sara Ahmadian (Google)

CodeRecommendation SystemOptimizationTabular

🎯 What it does: A weighted TopKGMM (Generalized Top-k Mallows Model) is proposed, along with three efficient algorithms: Profile-Based Repeated Insertion Sampling (PRIM), a dynamic programming method for calculating selection probabilities called DYPCHIP, and an active learning center approach named BUCCHOI.

Generalizing Experience for Language Agents with Hierarchical MetaFlows

Shengda Fan (Renmin University of China), Yankai Lin (Renmin University of China)

CodeComputational EfficiencyMeta LearningTransformerLarge Language ModelSupervised Fine-TuningReinforcement LearningText

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes the MetaFlowLLM framework, which constructs an experience hierarchy tree to enable large language model agents to reuse experiences in multi-step tasks through MetaFlow (including static steps and dynamic subtasks), significantly improving task success rates and execution efficiency.

Generalizing Single-Frame Supervision to Event-Level Understanding for Video Anomaly Detection

Junxi Chen (University of Chinese Academy of Sciences), Qingming Huang (University of Chinese Academy of Sciences)

CodeAnomaly DetectionTransformerVideo

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes a Single Frame Supervised Video Anomaly Detection (SF-VAD) paradigm and designs a Frame-guided Progressive Learning (FPL) framework, utilizing only one frame annotation per anomalous video to achieve event-level anomaly understanding.

Generalizing while preserving monotonicity in comparison-based preference learning models

Julien Fageot (Tournesol), LΓͺ-NguyΓͺn Hoang (Tournesol)

CodeRecommendation SystemDiffusion modelVideo

🎯 What it does: A new class of linear Generalized Bradley-Terry models (Linear GBT with Diffusion Prior) is proposed, which retains comparative data while utilizing embedding information to generalize to uncomparable objects, and provides monotonicity guarantees under specific embeddings (such as diffusion embedding and one-hot encoding).

Generating and Checking DNN Verification Proofs

Hai Duong (George Mason University), Matthew B. Dwyer (University of Virginia)

CodeConvolutional Neural NetworkReinforcement LearningBenchmark

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes a proof format APTP and a lightweight proof checker APTPchecker that are independent of existing DNN verification tools, capable of independently verifying UNSAT proofs provided by DNN verification tools and achieving scalable checking on large-scale models.

Generating Computational Cognitive models using Large Language Models

Milena Rmus (Helmholtz Munich), Eric Schulz (Helmholtz Munich)

CodeOptimizationTransformerLarge Language ModelText

🎯 What it does: Developed the GeCCo pipeline, utilizing open-source LLMs to generate cognitive models and optimize them through iterative feedback, applied in four cognitive domains: decision-making, learning, planning, and working memory;

Generating Informative Samples for Risk-Averse Fine-Tuning of Downstream Tasks

Heasung Kim (University of Texas at Austin), Gustavo De Veciana

CodeOptimizationDiffusion modelScore-based ModelTabular

🎯 What it does: Proposes a method that uses loss information from a pre-trained model to guide a score-based generative model in generating high-loss samples, thereby performing risk-averse CVaR optimization in downstream tasks;

Generating Multi-Table Time Series EHR from Latent Space with Minimal Preprocessing

Eunbyeol Cho (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology), Edward Choi (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology)

CodeGenerationData SynthesisAnomaly DetectionTransformerAuto EncoderTabularTime SeriesBiomedical DataElectronic Health Records

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes the RawMed framework, which achieves lossless synthesis of multi-table time series electronic health records.

Generation as Search Operator for Test-Time Scaling of Diffusion-based Combinatorial Optimization

Yang Li (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Junchi Yan (Shanghai Jiao Tong University)

CodeGenerationOptimizationTransformerDiffusion modelRectified FlowGraphOrdinary Differential Equation

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes GenSCO, a framework that views the generation process of diffusion models as a search step, achieving efficient solution through iterative perturbation-enhancement-post-processing for combinatorial optimization.

Generative Data Augmentation via Diffusion Distillation, Adversarial Alignment, and Importance Reweighting

Ruyi An (University of Texas at Austin), Mingyuan Zhou (University of Texas at Austin)

CodeGenerationData SynthesisDiffusion modelScore-based ModelGenerative Adversarial NetworkImage

🎯 What it does: A three-stage generative data augmentation framework called DAR-GDA is proposed, which first compresses a multi-step diffusion model into a single-step generator using score distillation, then aligns the real distribution through adversarial training, and finally performs importance reweighting using the probability output of the discriminator.

Generative Graph Pattern Machine

Zehong Wang (University of Notre Dame), Yanfang Ye (University of Notre Dame)

CodeGenerationRepresentation LearningGraph Neural NetworkTransformerGraph

🎯 What it does: Designed and evaluated a fully Transformer-based, message-passing-free graph pre-training framework G2PM, which utilizes substructure sequences generated by random walks for masked substructure reconstruction to learn graph representations.

Generative Model Inversion Through the Lens of the Manifold Hypothesis

Xiong Peng (Hong Kong Baptist University), Mingyuan Zhou (University of Texas at Austin)

CodeGenerationData SynthesisConvolutional Neural NetworkGenerative Adversarial NetworkImage

🎯 What it does: This paper studies generative model inversion from a geometric perspective, analyzes the mechanism of gradient projection onto the generator manifold, and proposes gradient-manifold alignment metrics, gradient alignment training objectives, and the non-training AlignMI method.

GenIR: Generative Visual Feedback for Mental Image Retrieval

Diji Yang (University of California Santa Cruz), James Davis (University of California Santa Cruz)

CodeGenerationRetrievalVision Language ModelDiffusion modelImage

🎯 What it does: Designed and implemented an interactive visual retrieval framework GenIR, which utilizes a text-to-image diffusion generator to create synthetic images as visual feedback for users, thereby helping them approach their target images in multi-round retrieval; simultaneously defined the Mental Image Retrieval (MIR) task and proposed an automated pipeline for constructing multi-round datasets.

Geo-Sign: Hyperbolic Contrastive Regularisation for Geometrically Aware Sign Language Translation

Edward Fish (University of Surrey), Richard Bowden (University of Surrey)

CodeImage TranslationPose EstimationGraph Neural NetworkLarge Language ModelContrastive LearningVideoText

🎯 What it does: Proposes the Geo-Sign framework, using hyperbolic geometry regularization for skeletal representation to enhance sign language translation quality.

GeoCAD: Local Geometry-Controllable CAD Generation with Large Language Models

Zhanwei Zhang (Zhejiang University), Deng Cai (Zhejiang University)

CodeGenerationTransformerLarge Language ModelSupervised Fine-TuningVision Language ModelText

🎯 What it does: A GeoCAD system based on large language models is proposed, achieving controllable generation of local geometry in CAD models.

GeoLink: Empowering Remote Sensing Foundation Model with OpenStreetMap Data

Lubin Bai (Peking University), Shihong Du (Peking University)

CodeClassificationSegmentationGraph Neural NetworkTransformerContrastive LearningImageMultimodality

🎯 What it does: A remote sensing foundational model named GeoLink has been constructed, which directly enhances the image encoder using OpenStreetMap (OSM) vector data, achieving multimodal fusion in pre-training and downstream tasks.

Geometric Mixture Models for Electrolyte Conductivity Prediction

Anyi Li (Renmin University of China), Wenbing Huang (Renmin University of China)

CodeGraph Neural NetworkGraphTabular

🎯 What it does: The GeoMix framework is proposed, utilizing Set-SE(3) equivalence and geometric graph representation to predict the conductivity of electrolyte systems, and achieving fine-grained message passing of inter-molecular geometric information through the GIN module.

Geometry-Aware Collaborative Multi-Solutions Optimizer for Model Fine-Tuning with Parameter Efficiency

Van-Anh Nguyen (Monash University), Dinh Phung (Monash University)

CodeDomain AdaptationOptimizationSupervised Fine-TuningImage

🎯 What it does: A lightweight multi-solution optimization framework GAC‑MSO based on gradient flow and geometric structure is proposed for efficiently fine-tuning large-scale foundational models with parameter efficiency, generating diverse and collaborative solution sets.

Geometry-Aware Edge Pooling for Graph Neural Networks

Katharina Limbeck (Helmholtz Munich), Bastian Rieck (Helmholtz Munich)

CodeGraph Neural NetworkGraph

🎯 What it does: Two edge contraction graph pooling layers based on graph size (Magnitude) or spread (Spread) are proposed (MagEdgePool and SpreadEdgePool).

GeoRanker: Distance-Aware Ranking for Worldwide Image Geolocalization

Pengyue Jia (City University of Hong Kong), Sharon Li (University of Wisconsin-Madison)

CodeRetrievalTransformerPrompt EngineeringVision Language ModelContrastive LearningImageTextMultimodality

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes GeoRanker, a distance-aware ranking framework based on a large visual-language model, designed to select locations from a candidate set that are closest to the geographic location of a query image.

GeoSVR: Taming Sparse Voxels for Geometrically Accurate Surface Reconstruction

Jiahe Li (Beihang University), Lin Gu (RIKEN AIP)

CodeRestorationSegmentationDepth EstimationPoint Cloud

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes GeoSVR, an explicit surface reconstruction framework based on sparse voxels, which achieves high-precision, complete, and efficient geometric reconstruction by utilizing voxel uncertainty depth constraints and voxel dropout regularization.

GLID$^2$E: A Gradient-Free Lightweight Fine-tune Approach for Discrete Biological Sequence Design

Hanqun Cao (Chinese University of Hong Kong), Pheng-Ann Heng (Chinese University of Hong Kong)

CodeGenerationOptimizationReinforcement LearningDiffusion modelBiomedical Data

🎯 What it does: A lightweight reinforcement learning framework GLID E is proposed for fine-tuning pre-trained discrete diffusion models to generate DNA and protein sequences with target functions.

Global Minimizers of $\ell^p$-Regularized Objectives Yield the Sparsest ReLU Neural Networks

Julia B Nakhleh, Robert D Nowak

CodeOptimizationTabular

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes and proves a method for β„“p path norm regularization based on 0 < p < 1, which can directly obtain the sparsest interpolation solution for single hidden layer ReLU networks through gradient descent.

Globally Optimal Policy Gradient Algorithms for Reinforcement Learning with PID Control Policies

Vipul Kumar Sharma, S Sivaranjani

CodeOptimizationReinforcement LearningTime Series

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes a global optimal optimization framework that combines the policy gradient method in reinforcement learning with the parameterization of PID controllers, providing the gradient expression for the PID control problem and designing both model-based and model-free policy gradient algorithms based on this.

Glocal Information Bottleneck for Time Series Imputation

Jie Yang (University of Illinois Chicago), Kaize Ding (Northwestern University)

CodeTransformerTime Series

🎯 What it does: A new training paradigm for missing value imputation in time series, Glocal-IB, is proposed, which incorporates global alignment loss into the standard information bottleneck framework to address the issues of model overfitting to local noise and inability to capture global structure under high missing rates.

GLSim: Detecting Object Hallucinations in LVLMs via Global-Local Similarity

Seongheon Park (University of Wisconsin Madison), Sharon Li (University of Wisconsin Madison)

CodeRecognitionObject DetectionTransformerVision Language ModelImageMultimodality

🎯 What it does: The GLSIM framework is proposed, which uses global and local embedding similarity within the model to detect object hallucinations in large visual-language models.

GMV: A Unified and Efficient Graph Multi-View Learning Framework

Qipeng zhu, Junping Zhang (Fudan University)

CodeClassificationComputational EfficiencyGraph Neural NetworkGraph

🎯 What it does: A unified and efficient graph multi-view learning framework GMV is proposed, which enhances the generalization and robustness of GNN/GT in graph classification tasks by utilizing structure-enhanced subgraph sampling and mixing, multi-view decomposition, and dual-head prediction.

GnnXemplar: Exemplars to Explanations - Natural Language Rules for Global GNN Interpretability

Burouj Armgaan (Indian Institute of Technology Delhi), Sayan Ranu (Indian Institute of Technology Delhi)

CodeExplainability and InterpretabilityGraph Neural NetworkLarge Language ModelGraph

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes GNNXEMPLAR, a global explanation framework based on exemplars, which utilizes natural language rules to explain the predictions of GNN in node classification tasks.

Go With the Flow: Fast Diffusion for Gaussian Mixture Models

George Rapakoulias (Georgia Institute of Technology), Panagiotis Tsiotras (Georgia Institute of Technology)

CodeGenerationData SynthesisOptimizationDiffusion modelAuto EncoderImageBiomedical Data

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes a training-free, low-complexity analytical parameter method that decomposes the Schrâdinger bridge problem into a series of Gaussian bridge subproblems and solves the mixed strategy using linear programming, thereby achieving distribution transfer from one Gaussian mixture model to another.

Gompertz Linear Units: Leveraging Asymmetry for Enhanced Learning Dynamics

Indrashis Das (University of Freiburg), Frank Hutter (University of Freiburg)

CodeClassificationObject DetectionSegmentationConvolutional Neural NetworkTransformerDiffusion modelImageText

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes and experiments with a self-gated activation function called GoLU based on the Gompertz function, which can reduce feature variance and smooth the loss surface through right-skewed asymmetrical gating.

GoRA: Gradient-driven Adaptive Low Rank Adaptation

haonan he, lei chen

CodeTransformerSupervised Fine-TuningText

🎯 What it does: Proposes the GoRA framework, which utilizes gradient information to dynamically allocate the rank of LoRA before training and provides non-zero initialization for low-rank adapters;

GPAS: Accelerating Convergence of LLM Pretraining via Gradient-Preserving Activation Scaling

Tianhao Chen (Hong Kong University of Science and Technology), Can Yang (Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)

CodeOptimizationComputational EfficiencyTransformerLarge Language ModelSupervised Fine-TuningText

🎯 What it does: Proposes Gradient-Preserving Activation Scaling (GPAS), which accelerates pre-training convergence by applying learnable scaling to intermediate activations in Pre-LN Transformers while maintaining gradient magnitude.

GPLQ: A General, Practical, and Lightning QAT Method for Vision Transformers

Guang Liang (Nanjing University), Jianxin Wu (Nanjing University)

CodeOptimizationComputational EfficiencyTransformerImage

🎯 What it does: A two-stage low-bit quantization framework called GPLQ has been developed, which first performs a single round of Quantization-Aware Training (QAT) on the activations of the Vision Transformer and then applies Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) to the weights, achieving a high-precision model with 4-bit numerical accuracy.

GPO: Learning from Critical Steps to Improve LLM Reasoning

Jiahao Yu (Northwestern University), Xinyu Xing (Northwestern University)

CodeOptimizationReinforcement Learning from Human FeedbackTransformerLarge Language ModelReinforcement LearningText

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes the GPO (Guided Pivotal Optimization) strategy, which enhances multi-step reasoning performance by identifying and focusing on critical steps in the reasoning trajectory generated by LLMs for fine-grained model tuning.

GPSToken: Gaussian Parameterized Spatially-adaptive Tokenization for Image Representation and Generation

Zhengqiang ZHANG, Lei Zhang (Hong Kong Polytechnic University)

CodeGenerationData SynthesisTransformerGaussian SplattingImage

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes GPSToken, a method that utilizes two-dimensional Gaussian parameterization to achieve non-uniform, spatially adaptive image segmentation, which is used for image representation and generation.

Gradient-Weight Alignment as a Train-Time Proxy for Generalization in Classification Tasks

Florian A. HΓΆlzl (Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Technical University of Munich), Georgios Kaissis (Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Technical University of Munich)

CodeClassificationExplainability and InterpretabilityTransformerImage

🎯 What it does: A gradient-weight alignment (GWA) metric is proposed to evaluate model generalization during training and identify important training samples.

Grammars of Formal Uncertainty: When to Trust LLMs in Automated Reasoning Tasks

Debargha Ganguly (Case Western Reserve University), Vipin Chaudhary (Case Western Reserve University)

CodeTransformerLarge Language ModelText

🎯 What it does: This study investigates the implicit uncertainty of large language models in generating formal reasoning (SMT-LIB), constructs a uncertainty quantification framework based on Probabilistic Context-Free Grammar (PCFG), and achieves selective verification through lightweight signal fusion, significantly reducing the error rate.

Graph Alignment via Birkhoff Relaxation

Sushil Mahavir Varma (University of Michigan), Laurent MassouliΓ© (INRIA)

CodeOptimizationGraph Neural NetworkGraphPhysics Related

🎯 What it does: This paper studies the theoretical performance of Birkhoff relaxation under the Gaussian Wigner model, proving that it approximates the optimal permutation when the noise level Οƒ=o(n^{-1}), and is far from the optimal permutation when Οƒ=Ξ©(n^{-1/2}), providing corresponding error bounds and phase transition thresholds.

Graph Data Selection for Domain Adaptation: A Model-Free Approach

Ting-Wei Li, Hanghang Tong

CodeDomain AdaptationGraph Neural NetworkGraph

🎯 What it does: A model-free graph data selection framework called GRADATE is proposed, which selects the most beneficial training graph samples from the source domain for the target domain using Graph Data Distribution Distance (GDD);

Graph Diffusion that can Insert and Delete

Matteo Ninniri (University of Pisa), Davide Bacciu (University of Pisa)

CodeGenerationData SynthesisDrug DiscoveryGraph Neural NetworkTransformerDiffusion modelGraph

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes GRIDDD, a discrete graph diffusion probability model that supports dynamic insertion and deletion of nodes during the diffusion process for variable-sized molecular generation.

Graph Persistence goes Spectral

Mattie Ji (University of Pennsylvania), Vikas K Garg

CodeRepresentation LearningGraph Neural NetworkGraph

🎯 What it does: The researchers proposed a new topological descriptor called SpectRe, which combines spectral information with RePHINE for graph representation learning.

GraphChain: Large Language Models for Large-scale Graph Analysis via Tool Chaining

Chunyu Wei (Renmin University of China), Yueguo Chen (Beijing Jiaotong University)

CodeGraph Neural NetworkLarge Language ModelReinforcement LearningPrompt EngineeringGraphFinance Related

🎯 What it does: Proposes the GraphChain framework, which utilizes LLM and toolchains for step-by-step analysis of large-scale graph data.

GraphKeeper: Graph Domain-Incremental Learning via Knowledge Disentanglement and Preservation

Zihao Guo (Beihang University), Jianxin Li (Guangxi Normal University)

CodeDomain AdaptationGraph Neural NetworkSupervised Fine-TuningContrastive LearningGraph

🎯 What it does: The GraphKeeper framework is proposed to address the problem of catastrophic forgetting in incremental learning for graphs (Domain-IL), maintaining performance on previous domains while continuously adding new graph domains.

GraphMaster: Automated Graph Synthesis via LLM Agents in Data-Limited Environments

Enjun Du (Beijing Institute of Technology), Guoren Wang (Beijing Institute of Technology)

CodeGenerationData SynthesisGraph Neural NetworkLarge Language ModelAgentic AITextGraphRetrieval-Augmented Generation

🎯 What it does: A multi-agent framework called GraphMaster is proposed, which utilizes LLM to generate semantically rich and structurally consistent text attribute graphs.

Graphs Help Graphs: Multi-Agent Graph Socialized Learning

Jialu Li (Tianjin University), Qinghua Hu (Tianjin University)

CodeGraph Neural NetworkPrompt EngineeringGraph

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes the Graph Socialized Learning (GSL) framework and its implementation method, Graphs Help Graphs (GHG), to achieve efficient collaborative learning among multiple agents in heterogeneous dynamic environments.

GraphTOP: Graph Topology-Oriented Prompting for Graph Neural Networks

Xingbo Fu (University of Virginia), Jundong Li (University of Virginia)

CodeClassificationGraph Neural NetworkPrompt EngineeringGraph

🎯 What it does: Proposes the GraphTOP framework, which utilizes graph topology hints to adapt pre-trained GNNs for node classification.

GraSS: Scalable Data Attribution with Gradient Sparsification and Sparse Projection

Pingbang Hu (University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), Jiaqi W. Ma (University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign)

CodeOptimizationComputational EfficiencyText

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes two gradient compression algorithms, GRASS and FACTGRASS, which significantly reduce the memory and computational costs of large-scale model data attribution by leveraging the natural sparsity of gradients and parameters.

GRAVER: Generative Graph Vocabularies for Robust Graph Foundation Models Fine-tuning

Haonan Yuan (Beihang University), Philip S. Yu (University of Illinois)

CodeClassificationDomain AdaptationRepresentation LearningGraph Neural NetworkLarge Language ModelMixture of ExpertsContrastive LearningGraph

🎯 What it does: Proposes the GRAVER framework, which enhances the support set using a generative graph dictionary to achieve robust and efficient fine-tuning of graph-based models under multi-domain pre-training.

GRE Suite: Geo-localization Inference via Fine-Tuned Vision-Language Models and Enhanced Reasoning Chains

Chun Wang (Zhejiang University), Yiren Song (LibLib AI)

CodeTransformerSupervised Fine-TuningReinforcement LearningVision Language ModelImageChain-of-Thought

🎯 What it does: The GRE Suite framework is proposed, combining visual language models with multi-stage reinforcement learning to enhance inference for global image geolocation.

GRIFFIN: Effective Token Alignment for Faster Speculative Decoding

Shijing Hu (Fudan University), Pan Zhou (Singapore Management University)

CodeGenerationComputational EfficiencyTransformerLarge Language ModelMixture of ExpertsText

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes a new speculative decoding framework called GRIFFIN, which explicitly addresses the token misalignment issue between the training and inference phases, significantly improving the generation speed of large language models.

Ground-Compose-Reinforce: Grounding Language in Agentic Behaviours using Limited Data

Andrew C Li (University of Toronto), Sheila A. McIlraith (University of Toronto)

CodeRobotic IntelligenceReinforcement LearningAgentic AISequential

🎯 What it does: An end-to-end framework is proposed to directly train RL agents using a pre-trained symbolic labeler from a limited number of annotated trajectories, followed by high-level tasks described by Reward Machines (RM).

Group-in-Group Policy Optimization for LLM Agent Training

Lang Feng (Nanyang Technological University), Bo An (Skywork AI)

CodeOptimizationTransformerLarge Language ModelReinforcement LearningAgentic AIText

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes GiGPO, a group-based reinforcement learning algorithm that enables fine-grained credit allocation in multi-step LLM agent training.

Group-Level Data Selection for Efficient Pretraining

Zichun Yu (Carnegie Mellon University), Chenyan Xiong (Carnegie Mellon University)

CodeOptimizationComputational EfficiencyData-Centric LearningTextBenchmarkRetrieval-Augmented Generation

🎯 What it does: An efficient group-level data selection framework called Group-MATES is proposed, which utilizes a relational data influence model to achieve speed-quality trade-off optimization during pre-training.

GSAlign: Geometric and Semantic Alignment Network for Aerial-Ground Person Re-Identification

Qiao Li (Wuhan University), Jiayi Ji

CodeRetrievalTransformerImage

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes a Geometric and Semantic Alignment Network (GSAlign) specifically designed to address the issues of geometric distortion and semantic misalignment caused by extreme viewpoint differences in aerial-ground person retrieval (AG-ReID).

GST-UNet: A Neural Framework for Spatiotemporal Causal Inference with Time-Varying Confounding

Miruna Oprescu (Cornell University), Nathan Kallus (Cornell University)

CodeConvolutional Neural NetworkRecurrent Neural NetworkTabularTime SeriesElectronic Health Records

🎯 What it does: The GST-UNet framework is proposed to achieve single-trajectory spatiotemporal causal inference, combining a U-Net encoder with iterative G-computation, capable of simultaneously handling spatial interference, temporal confounding, and spatiotemporal lag effects.

GTR-Loc: Geospatial Text Regularization Assisted Outdoor LiDAR Localization

Shangshu Yu (Northeastern University), Cheng Wang (Xiamen University)

CodePose EstimationAutonomous DrivingKnowledge DistillationTransformerContrastive LearningPoint Cloud

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes GTR-Loc, a LiDAR positioning framework that utilizes geospatial text assistance to achieve accurate pose regression on single-frame point clouds.

Guard Me If You Know Me: Protecting Specific Face-Identity from Deepfakes

Kaiqing Lin (Shenzhen University), Bin Li (Shenzhen University)

CodeRecognitionSafty and PrivacyExplainability and InterpretabilityTransformerLarge Language ModelSupervised Fine-TuningPrompt EngineeringImageMultimodalityBenchmark

🎯 What it does: The VIPGuard framework is proposed for personalized deepfake detection and interpretable reasoning for known identities.

GUARDIAN: Safeguarding LLM Multi-Agent Collaborations with Temporal Graph Modeling

Jialong Zhou (King's College London), Xiao Yang (Tsinghua University)

CodeAnomaly DetectionGraph Neural NetworkTransformerLarge Language ModelTextGraph

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes a framework called GUARDIAN, designed to detect and mitigate the issues of hallucination amplification and error injection and propagation in multi-agent collaboration of large language models.

GuardReasoner-VL: Safeguarding VLMs via Reinforced Reasoning

Yue Liu (National University of Singapore), Bryan Hooi (National University of Singapore)

CodeSafty and PrivacyTransformerReinforcement LearningVision Language ModelImageTextMultimodality

🎯 What it does: A multimodal reasoning safety guardian model, GuardReasoner-VL, has been constructed, which can perform reasoning before determining whether the input and output are harmful.

GUI-G1: Understanding R1-Zero-Like Training for Visual Grounding in GUI Agents

Yuqi Zhou (Renmin University of China), Jun Xu (Huawei)

CodeObject DetectionTransformerLarge Language ModelReinforcement LearningMultimodality

🎯 What it does: This paper studies and improves the R1-Zero-like training framework for graphical user interface (GUI) visual localization tasks. By systematically analyzing the three core components: input templates, reward functions, and policy updates, we propose the Fast Thinking template, Box Size constraint reward, and the GRPO improvement method that removes length bias and incorporates difficulty weighting. Ultimately, we train GUI-G1-3B on 17K public samples.

Guided Diffusion Sampling on Function Spaces with Applications to PDEs

Jiachen Yao (California Institute of Technology), Anima Anandkumar (California Institute of Technology)

CodeRestorationGenerationDiffusion modelTime SeriesPhysics Related

🎯 What it does: A discretization-invariant function space diffusion model called FunDPS is proposed to recover the posterior distribution of PDE solutions from extremely sparse or noisy measurements.

Guiding LLM Decision-Making with Fairness Reward Models

Zara Hall (Columbia University), Richard Zemel (Columbia University)

CodeClassificationRecommendation SystemTransformerLarge Language ModelReinforcement LearningTextChain-of-Thought

🎯 What it does: A general Fairness Reward Model (FRM) is constructed and trained to score the fairness of each step in the chain of thought (CoT) of large language models (LLMs) during the inference phase, thereby emphasizing fair reasoning paths in final decisions and improving the fairness of high-risk decisions (such as judicial risk assessment, social media content moderation, and job screening) without compromising accuracy.

GVPO: Group Variance Policy Optimization for Large Language Model Post-Training

Kaichen Zhang (Hong Kong University of Science and Technology), Hui Xiong (Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)

CodeOptimizationTransformerLarge Language ModelReinforcement LearningText

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes the Group Variance Policy Optimization (GVPO) method for post-training of large language models;

Hallucination at a Glance: Controlled Visual Edits and Fine-Grained Multimodal Learning

Tianyi Bai (Hong Kong University of Science and Technology), Binhang Yuan (Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)

CodeGenerationData SynthesisTransformerSupervised Fine-TuningContrastive LearningImageMultimodalityBenchmark

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes a generation and annotation pipeline for fine-grained visual differences, and constructs the Micro Edit Dataset (MED) along with corresponding evaluation benchmarks.

Hamiltonian Neural PDE Solvers through Functional Approximation

Anthony Zhou (Carnegie Mellon University), Amir Barati Farimani (Carnegie Mellon University)

CodeTime SeriesPhysics RelatedOrdinary Differential Equation

🎯 What it does: A PDE solver based on the Hamiltonian framework is proposedβ€”Hamiltonian Neural Solver (HNS), which approximates the Hamiltonian functional through a learnable Integral Kernel Functional (IKF) and uses automatic differentiation to obtain functional derivatives for predicting the time evolution of infinite-dimensional systems.

Handling Label Noise via Instance-Level Difficulty Modeling and Dynamic Optimization

Kuan Zhang (Beijing Institute of Technology), Lei Cao (University of Arizona)

CodeClassificationOptimizationConvolutional Neural NetworkTransformerSupervised Fine-TuningImage

🎯 What it does: The IDO framework is proposed, which achieves instance-level difficulty modeling and optimization for noisy label learning through two-stage training and dynamic weighted loss.

Hankel Singular Value Regularization for Highly Compressible State Space Models

Paul Schwerdtner (Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences New York University), Benjamin Peherstorfer (Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences New York University)

CodeCompressionSequentialBenchmark

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes a method for regularizing state space models (Hankel structure) during the training process, allowing the model to be efficiently compressed while maintaining high accuracy.

HAODiff: Human-Aware One-Step Diffusion via Dual-Prompt Guidance

Jue Gong (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Xiaokang Yang (Shanghai Jiao Tong University)

CodeRestorationGenerationTransformerPrompt EngineeringDiffusion modelImage

🎯 What it does: This paper presents HAODiff, a single-step diffusion model for portrait images that can achieve high-quality recovery in the presence of both global noise and human motion blur.

Hardware-aligned Hierarchical Sparse Attention for Efficient Long-term Memory Access

Xiang Hu (Ant Group), Wei Wu (Ant Group)

CodeRetrievalComputational EfficiencyRecurrent Neural NetworkText

🎯 What it does: The Hierarchical Sparse Attention (HSA) mechanism is proposed, and based on this, the RAMba model is constructed, integrating RNN backbone, sparse attention, and memory reset mechanism to achieve efficient random access and length generalization for long contexts.

Harmony in Divergence: Towards Fast, Accurate, and Memory-efficient Zeroth-order LLM Fine-tuning

Qitao Tan (University of Georgia), Geng Yuan (University of Georgia)

CodeOptimizationComputational EfficiencyTransformerLarge Language ModelSupervised Fine-TuningText

🎯 What it does: An efficient LLM fine-tuning method based on zero-order optimization, DiZO, is proposed. By comparing the hierarchical update differences between FO and ZO, a hierarchical diversification projection mechanism is designed to achieve learning effects similar to FO while significantly reducing memory usage.

Harnessing Feature Resonance under Arbitrary Target Alignment for Out-of-Distribution Node Detection

Shenzhi Yang (Zhejiang University), Haobo Wang (Zhejiang University)

CodeAnomaly DetectionGraph Neural NetworkGraph

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes an unsupervised, label-free, and pre-training-free method for out-of-distribution (OOD) detection of graph nodes, called RSL. It aligns the features of known in-distribution (ID) nodes to random targets and utilizes the differences in 'feature resonance' between ID nodes and unknown ID/OOD nodes in the single-step gradient direction to filter reliable OOD candidate nodes. It also uses Stochastic Gradient Langevin Dynamics (SGLD) to synthesize more realistic out-of-vocabulary (OOV) samples for training a binary classifier.

Hawaii: Hierarchical Visual Knowledge Transfer for Efficient Vision-Language Models

Yimu Wang (University of Waterloo), Krzysztof Czarnecki (University of Waterloo)

CodeKnowledge DistillationRepresentation LearningTransformerMixture of ExpertsVision Language ModelMultimodality

🎯 What it does: Proposes the HAWAII framework, which distills the knowledge of multiple visual experts into a single visual encoder to enhance the visual understanding capabilities of VLM;

HBLLM: Wavelet-Enhanced High-Fidelity 1-Bit Quantization for LLMs

Ningning CHEN, Ying Jiang (Sun Yat-sen University)

CodeCompressionTransformerLarge Language ModelText

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes HBLLM, a 1-bit post-training quantization framework based on Haar wavelet transform, aimed at compressing large language models (LLMs) while maintaining high inference accuracy.

HermesFlow: Seamlessly Closing the Gap in Multimodal Understanding and Generation

Ling Yang (Princeton University), Bin CUI

CodeGenerationOptimizationTransformerLarge Language ModelReinforcement LearningImageTextMultimodality

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes the HermesFlow framework, which optimizes data through self-generated comparative advantages and disadvantages using Pair-DPO, achieving simultaneous improvements in understanding and generation capabilities in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) while narrowing the performance gap between the two.

HeroFilter: Adaptive Spectral Graph Filter for Varying Heterophilic Relations

Shuaicheng Zhang, Dawei Zhou

CodeClassificationGraph Neural NetworkGraph

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes HEROFILTER, an adaptive spectral graph filter for node classification on different heterogeneous graphs.

Heterogeneous Swarms: Jointly Optimizing Model Roles and Weights for Multi-LLM Systems

Shangbin Feng (University of Washington), Tomas Pfister (Google)

CodeOptimizationLarge Language ModelReinforcement LearningAgentic AIText

🎯 What it does: Designed the HETEROGENEOUS SWARMS algorithm to jointly optimize the model roles (DAG structure) and weights of multiple LLM systems using particle swarm optimization;

HetSyn: Versatile Timescale Integration in Spiking Neural Networks via Heterogeneous Synapses

Zhichao Deng (Tianjin University), Qiang Yu (Tianjin University)

CodeSpiking Neural NetworkTime SeriesAudio

🎯 What it does: Designed and implemented the HetSyn framework, introducing adjustable time constants at the synaptic level to achieve multi-time scale integration, and validated its effectiveness on multiple tasks using the HetSynLIF model.

Hierachical Balance Packing: Towards Efficient Supervised Fine-tuning for Long-Context LLM

Yongqiang Yao (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Ningyi Xu (Shanghai Jiao Tong University)

CodeComputational EfficiencyTransformerLarge Language ModelSupervised Fine-TuningText

🎯 What it does: Proposes Hierarchical Balance Packing (HBP), which addresses the workload imbalance issue in long-context LLM training through multi-layer data packing and dynamic training pipelines.

Hierarchical Demonstration Order Optimization for Many-shot In-Context Learning

Yinhan He (University of Virginia), Jundong Li (University of Virginia)

CodeOptimizationLarge Language ModelText

🎯 What it does: This paper studies the issue of demonstration order instability in many-shot in-context learning (ICL), proposing an information-theoretic measure called ICD-OVI and a hierarchical optimization framework (HIDO) that can efficiently search within a large-scale demonstration arrangement space.

Hierarchical Frequency Tagging Probe (HFTP): A Unified Approach to Investigate Syntactic Structure Representations in Large Language Models and the Human Brain

Jingmin An (Peking University), Fang Fang (Peking University)

CodeLarge Language ModelTextAudio

🎯 What it does: Proposed and implemented the Hierarchical Frequency Tagging Probe (HFTP) to detect the hierarchical structural representations of sentences and phrases in large language models (LLMs) and the human brain, and aligned them across various LLMs and human brain data.

Hierarchical Implicit Neural Emulators

Ruoxi Jiang (Fudan University), Rebecca Willett (University of Chicago)

CodeTime SeriesPhysics Related

🎯 What it does: A multi-scale implicit neural simulator is proposed, which significantly improves the stability and accuracy of long-term predictions by using multi-layer low-dimensional future state representations during prediction.

Hierarchical Shortest-Path Graph Kernel Network

Jiaxin Wang (Hainan University), Jieren Cheng (Hainan University)

CodeOptimizationRepresentation LearningHyperparameter SearchGraph Neural NetworkGraph

🎯 What it does: An end-to-end graph kernel network based on hierarchical shortest path graph kernels (HSP-GKN) is proposed, combining graph kernels with neural networks to achieve task-related graph representation learning.

High Dynamic Range Imaging with Time-Encoding Spike Camera

Zhenkun Zhu (Peking University), Tiejun Huang (Peking University)

CodeRestorationConvolutional Neural NetworkSupervised Fine-TuningImage

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes a Time Encoding (TE) burst camera that utilizes a clock cycle counter to record super-threshold moments, significantly enhancing the dynamic range of the burst camera, and designs a complete image reconstruction network for TE burst streams.

High-order Equivariant Flow Matching for Density Functional Theory Hamiltonian Prediction

Seongsu Kim (KAIST), Sungsoo Ahn (KAIST)

CodeGenerationComputational EfficiencyGraph Neural NetworkFlow-based ModelGraphPhysics RelatedOrdinary Differential Equation

🎯 What it does: We propose a high-order SE(3) symmetric flow matching framework called QHFLOW, which is used to predict the Kohn-Sham Hamiltonian matrix in density functional theory (DFT), generating it directly rather than through regression, significantly reducing the number of iterations required in the SCF cycle.

High-Performance Arithmetic Circuit Optimization via Differentiable Architecture Search

Xilin Xia (University of Science and Technology of China), Feng Wu (University of Science and Technology of China)

CodeOptimizationGraph Neural NetworkReinforcement LearningGraph

🎯 What it does: A differentiable architecture search framework ARITH-DAS is proposed, which directly performs fine-grained optimization of the interconnections of arithmetic circuits on multi-relation directed acyclic graphs.

Higher-Order Learning with Graph Neural Networks via Hypergraph Encodings

RaphaΓ«l Pellegrin (Independent Researcher), Melanie Weber (Harvard University)

CodeClassificationRepresentation LearningGraph Neural NetworkGraph

🎯 What it does: A hierarchical encoding method based on hypergraphs (such as Hodge-Laplacian, random walk, discrete curvature, and local degree) is proposed to inject high-order structural information into traditional graph neural networks, enhancing the performance of multi-relational learning.

Highlighting What Matters: Promptable Embeddings for Attribute-Focused Image Retrieval

Siting Li (University of Washington), Simon Shaolei Du (University of Washington)

CodeRetrievalTransformerLarge Language ModelPrompt EngineeringVision Language ModelImageTextMultimodalityBenchmark

🎯 What it does: Construct the COCO-FACET benchmark dataset to evaluate attribute-focused text-image retrieval, and propose the use of promptable embeddings generated by multimodal large language models to enhance retrieval performance.

HiPoNet: A Multi-View Simplicial Complex Network for High Dimensional Point-Cloud and Single-Cell data

Siddharth Viswanath (Yale University), Smita Krishnaswamy (Yale University)

CodeClassificationRepresentation LearningGraph Neural NetworkPoint CloudBiomedical Data

🎯 What it does: Designed and implemented HiPoNet, an end-to-end differentiable high-dimensional point cloud network that utilizes multi-view reweighted features, Vietoris-Rips simplicial complex construction, and simplicial wave-particle transforms for multi-scale feature extraction, applied to regression, classification, and representation learning.

Hippocampal-like Sequential Editing for Continual Knowledge Updates in Large Language Models

Quntian Fang (National University of Defense Technology), Guotong Geng

CodeLarge Language ModelSupervised Fine-TuningText

🎯 What it does: A hippocampus-inspired sequential model editing framework (HSE) has been designed and implemented to continuously update knowledge without retraining large language models (LLMs), addressing the issues of parameter drift and catastrophic forgetting.

HM3: Hierarchical Multi-Objective Model Merging for Pretrained Models

Yu Zhou (Hong Kong Polytechnic University), KC Tan

CodeOptimizationTransformerLarge Language ModelReinforcement LearningImageText

🎯 What it does: This paper proposes and implements HM3β€”a hierarchical multi-objective model merging framework that can simultaneously search in the parameter space and architecture space to generate customizable high-performance merged models.